Brittleness and toughness of polymers and other materials

Brostow, Witold; Lobland, Haley E. Hagg; Khoja, Sameer

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.047

Cited by 126 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Thus the mechanical properties of the blend hydrogels composed of PAAS with molecular weights smaller than a few million grams per mole become extremely poor, as reported in a previous study [8]. The toughness of a material may be characterized by the area under the tensile stress-strain curves [15][16][17][18];…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Clay/paas Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Since the blend hydrogel used in this study is a four-component system composed of clay, PAAS, TSPP, and water, the whole X-ray scattering intensity can be described by a sum of several partial scattering functions [19]. However, as the X-ray scattering length of clay is much larger than those of water and PAAS [6], the SAXS The toughness of a material may be characterized by the area under the tensile stress-strain curves [15][16][17][18];…”

Section: Structures Of Clay/paas Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, Swelling, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Tough Clay-Sodium Polyacrylate Blend Hydrogels

Takeno

Kimura

Nakamura

2017

Gels

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Abstract:We investigated the mechanical, swelling, and structural properties of mechanically tough clay/sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) hydrogels prepared by simple mixing. The gels had large swelling ratios, reflecting the characteristics of the constituent polymer. The swelling ratios initially increased with the increase of the swelling time, and then attained maximum values. Afterwards, they decreased with an increase of the swelling time and finally became constant. An increase in the clay concentration lead to a decrease in the swelling ratios, whereas an increase in the PAAS concentration lead to an increase in the swelling ratios. Tensile measurements indicated that the toughness for clay/PAAS (M w = 3.50 × 10 6 ) gels was several hundred times larger than that of clay/PAAS (M w = 5.07 × 10 5 ) gels, i.e., the use of ultra-high molecular weight PAAS is essential for fabricating mechanically tough clay/PAAS blend hydrogels. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results showed that the SAXS intensity measured at small scattering angles decreased with an increase in the clay concentration, indicating that the interparticle interactions were more repulsive at higher concentrations. The decrease of the scattering intensity at high clay concentrations was larger for the clay/PAAS (M w = 5.07 × 10 5 ) gel system than for the clay/PAAS (M w = 3.50 × 10 6 ) gel system.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Clay/paas Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Structures Of Clay/paas Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Swelling, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Tough Clay-Sodium Polyacrylate Blend Hydrogels

Takeno

Kimura

Nakamura

2017

Gels

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“…This initial decline and further increase (above 20 wt% of PTMO) in the values of strength and elongation at break might result from the thermodynamic miscibility of both phases, which was previously conrmed by DSC and DMTA analyses. Moreover, following Brostow et al, 46,47 who demonstrated the existence of a quantitative relationship between toughness (s) and brittleness (B), valid for polymers with a wide range of chemical structures and properties, one calculated B accordingly to eqn (5):…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 In the case of linear low density polyethylene/cycloolen copolymer blends, 48 the rates of change of 3 b and E 0 were different, thus affecting the outcome in B with changing concentration of components. B decreased when a rigid copolymer was added to linear low- density polyethylene.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephtlatate)-block-poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymers

et al. 2017

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A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate)-blockpoly(tetramethylene oxide) (PETG-block-PTMO) copolymers were synthesized by means of a polycondensation process and characterized using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), that confirm the successful synthesis of the material. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small -and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS and WAXS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used in order to evaluate the influence of the block copolymers' composition and microstructure on the phase transition temperatures, thermal properties, as well as the thermooxidative and thermal stability of the PETG-block-PTMO copolymers, respectively. The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and dynamic mechanical measurements (DMTA). We found that along with an increase in PTMO weight fraction, both number-average molecular weights and intrinsic visocisities increase. Moreover, an increase in the flexible segments content in PETG-block-PTMO resulted in shifting the values of glass transition temperatures toward lower ones, which was confirmed by DSC and DMTA analyses, thus affirming the miscibility of both phases. At the same time, along with an increase of PTMO flexible segments amount in the PETG-block-PTMO copolymers, the values of Young's modulus, tensile strength at yield and weight losses in lower temperatures range, i.e. 280-390 C, decrease.

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“…Since many chemical modifications to polymers are applied in order to increase toughness, a connection between τ and B is significant [11]; it is shown graphically in Fig. 7.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Brittlenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

Brostow¹,

Lobland²

2016

ChChT

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Abstract. The property of brittleness for polymers and polymer-based materials (PBMs) is an important factor in determining the potential uses of a material. Brittleness of polymers may also impact the ease and modes of polymer processing, thereby affecting economy of production. Brittleness of PBMs can be correlated with certain other properties and features of polymers; to name a few, connections to free volume, impact strength, and scratch recovery have been explored. A common thread among all such properties is their relationship to chemical composition and morphology. Through a survey of existing literature on polymer brittleness specifically combined with relevant reports that connect additional materials and properties to that of brittleness, it is possible to identify chemical features of PBMs that are connected with observable brittle behavior. Relations so identified between chemical composition and structure of PBMs and brittleness are described herein, advancing knowledge and improving the capacity to design new and to choose among existing polymers in order to obtain materials with particular property profiles.

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Brittleness and toughness of polymers and other materials

Cited by 126 publications

References 23 publications

Mechanical, Swelling, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Tough Clay-Sodium Polyacrylate Blend Hydrogels

Mechanical, Swelling, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Tough Clay-Sodium Polyacrylate Blend Hydrogels

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephtlatate)-block-poly(tetramethylene oxide) copolymers

Survey of Relations of Chemical Constituents in Polymer-Based Materials with Brittleness and its Associated Properties

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