Conjugated polymers are deemed as
conductive carrier mediators
for engendering the π electrons along the molecular framework,
while the role of nonconjugated insulated polymers has been generally
overlooked without the capability to participate in the solar-powered
oxidation–reduction kinetics and charge-transfer process. Alternatively,
considering the ultrashort charge lifetime and significant deficiency
of metal nanocluster (NC)-based photosystems, the fine tuning of charge
migration over atomically precise ultrasmall metal NCs as novel light-harvesting
antennas has so far not yet been unleashed. Here, we unlock the charge-transfer
capability of a nonconjugated polymer to modulate the charge flow
over metal NCs (Au
x
and Au25) by such a solid-state nonconductive polymer via a conceptually
new chemistry strategy by which l-glutathione (GSH)-capped
gold (Au
x
@GSH) NCs and poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium
chloride) (PDDA) were alternately self-assembled on the metal oxide
(MO: WO3, Fe2O3, and TiO2) substrates. The ultrathin nonconjugated PDDA interim layer periodically
intercalated in-between Au
x
(Au25) NC layers concurrently serves as an unexpected charge-transfer
mediator to foster the unidirectional electron flow from Au
x
(Au25) NCs to MOs by forming a tandem
charge-transfer chain, hence endowing the multilayered MO/(PDDA-Au
x
)
n
heterostructures
with significantly boosted photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance
under light irradiation. The unanticipated role of PDDA as a cascade
charge mediator is demonstrated to be universal. Our work would unlock
the potential charge-transport capability of nonconjugated polymers
as a novel charge mediator for solar-to-chemical conversion.