Broadband radio frequency conductivity measurement technique for engineered composites

Chung, Jaewoo; Nahar, Niru K.; Zhang, L.; Bayram, Y.; Sertel, Kubilay; Volakis, John L.

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2011.0349

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Determining accurate electromagnetic characteristics using this method is relatively difficult. One of the most commonly used methods is the open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) [13][14][15][16]. This method is based on scattering parameter (S 11 ) measurement and relation between S 11 and (σ,ε r ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterization of transparent conducting thin films using two‐port flange coaxial probe and thin‐film transfer matrix method

Sadat

Shokooh‐Saremi

Mirsalehi³

2021

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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An efficient method to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films is presented herein. When a two-port flange coaxial probe is used for electromagnetic characterization, it is important to note that since the thickness of the film is very thin, it should be taken into account that the measured S parameters not only correspond to the thin film, but also to the substrate. The main idea of this study is to exploit the S parameters corresponding solely to the thin film by employing transfer matrix method. Then, by using the obtained S parameters, the effective conductivity (σ) and relative permittivity (ε r) of the TCO thin film are determined. By applying this method to a sample under test, the conductivity and relative permittivity are obtained in the order of 10 5 (S/m) and 10 6 in the 2-20 GHz frequency range, respectively. These results are compared with those obtained by the Nicolson-Ross-Wier and open-ended coaxial probe methods. Simulation results show that when the TCO thin film thickness reaches 0.5 mm, its conductivity increases up to two times. Also, when the gap between the coaxial probe and the thin-film surface is 0.1 mm, the conductivity approaches zero. Using this method, the material and thickness of the substrate have slight effect on determining the electromagnetic characteristics. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterization of transparent conducting thin films using two‐port flange coaxial probe and thin‐film transfer matrix method

Sadat

Shokooh‐Saremi

Mirsalehi³

2021

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The production of such high frequency (∼GHz) electronic components for wireless communication is more challenging than manufacturing DC or low frequency (∼kHz) components (e.g., actuators or sensors). This is because the low conductivity of textiles usually ranges from 10 4 -10 6 S/m [6], [7] compared with metals (e.g., 10 7 S/m for copper), thereby resulting in a higher power loss as high frequency currents flow through a conductive textile. This property considerably limits the radiation efficiency of a wearable antenna [8]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Textile Weaving and Finishing Processes on Textile-Based Wearable Patch Antennas

et al. 2020

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In this paper, we analyze the effects of textile weaving and finishing processes on the performance of textile-based wearable antennas. Several textile-based patch antennas operating at 2.4 GHz were designed and fabricated for evaluation. All of them had the same geometry comprising a 1-mm-thick felt substrate in the middle, and silver ink screen-printed polyester fabric as the ground and patch at the bottom and on top. However, polyester fabric, the bare textile material for the conductive ground and patch was subjected to different weaving and finishing (tentering, scouring, and calendering) processes. It was observed that the antenna resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and peak gain were varied by these processes, although the antenna geometry and screen-printing method were identical to each other. The best antenna exhibits a peak gain of 5.2 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 42.4%, while the worst shows corresponding values of 4.17 dBi and 34.8%. This implies that the weaving and finishing processes considerably impact textile-based wearable antenna performances. INDEX TERMS Conductive ink, conductive textile, patch antenna, screen printing, textile-based antenna, wearable antenna, weaving process. FIGURE 2. Simulation results of (a) S11 response, (b) 3D radiation pattern, and (c) Specific absorption rate.

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“…Open‐ended coaxial probe (OECP) is one of these methods which is suitable for thin layer materials. Since this method takes into account the calibration error, it provides fairly accurate results [14, 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic characterisation of multi‐wall carbon nanotube–doped fluorine tin oxide for transparent antenna applications

Sadat

Shokooh‐Saremi

Mirsalehi

et al. 2019

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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Here, the authors present an improved transparent conducting thin film by adding multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to fluorine tin oxide (FTO). The use of carbon nanotubes considerably increases the surface conductivity of the FTO thin film. The resulting composition is deposited on a Pyrex substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique. Measurement results show high optical transmittance (about 77%) in the visible region and low electrical surface resistance (as low as 5 Ω/◻). The electromagnetic characteristics of the resulting layer false(σ,εrfalse) are obtained over 0.1–20 GHz using the open‐ended coaxial probe (OECP) method. The conductivity (σ) is in the order of 105false(S/mfalse) and relative permittivity false(εrfalse) is in the order of 106 at low frequencies and in the order of 105 at high frequencies, which is suitable for transparent antenna applications. To verify the measurements, the layer is numerically simulated using the obtained experimental data. The simulation results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.

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Broadband radio frequency conductivity measurement technique for engineered composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Electromagnetic characterization of transparent conducting thin films using two‐port flange coaxial probe and thin‐film transfer matrix method

Electromagnetic characterization of transparent conducting thin films using two‐port flange coaxial probe and thin‐film transfer matrix method

Effects of Textile Weaving and Finishing Processes on Textile-Based Wearable Patch Antennas

Electromagnetic characterisation of multi‐wall carbon nanotube–doped fluorine tin oxide for transparent antenna applications

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