Broiler chicken adipose tissue dynamics during the first two weeks post-hatch

Bai, Shiping; Wang, Guoqing; Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Shuai; Rice, Brittany B.; Cline, Mark A.; Gilbert, Elizabeth R.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.002

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…66 It is unclear if birds are similar to humans in regards to metabolic differences between adipose tissue depots, although we have reported that there are differences in gene expression between adipose depots in chickens. [66][67][68] In addition to the differences we have reported in meat-type broiler chickens, we have also found adipose depot differences in a line of chickens selected for high and low body weight, the Virginia lines of chickens, which have undergone divergent selection for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight at 56 days of age for 58 generations. This selection has resulted in a 10-fold difference in body weight at age of selection, with associated physiological and behavioral differences in feeding, adiposity, development, and body composition, with the LWS being lean and hypophagic, while the HWS are obese and hyperphagic as juveniles.…”

Section: Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reported changes in the adipose tissue of broiler chicks during the first 2 weeks post-hatch. 66 Specifically, for the subcutaneous, abdominal, and clavicular fat depots at days 4 and 14 of age, there were depot-specific differences with larger adipocytes and the greatest glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity in the subcutaneous fat at day 4. The abdominal fat grew more rapidly than the other 2 depots from day 4 to 14, and clavicular fat was intermediate for most traits that were measured.…”

Section: Npy and Adipose Development In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 In the developing chicken embryo, fat is first deposited subcutaneously, 64 and develops through a combination of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. 65 Subcutaneous and clavicular fat depots are heavier than abdominal fat at 4 days post-hatch, 66 but as a percentage of body weight, the amount of abdominal fat increases with age. 66 It is unclear if birds are similar to humans in regards to metabolic differences between adipose tissue depots, although we have reported that there are differences in gene expression between adipose depots in chickens.…”

Section: Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65 Subcutaneous and clavicular fat depots are heavier than abdominal fat at 4 days post-hatch, 66 but as a percentage of body weight, the amount of abdominal fat increases with age. 66 It is unclear if birds are similar to humans in regards to metabolic differences between adipose tissue depots, although we have reported that there are differences in gene expression between adipose depots in chickens. [66][67][68] In addition to the differences we have reported in meat-type broiler chickens, we have also found adipose depot differences in a line of chickens selected for high and low body weight, the Virginia lines of chickens, which have undergone divergent selection for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight at 56 days of age for 58 generations.…”

Section: Adipose Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes were most likely due to a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia. 66 Neuropeptide Y and its receptors were also measured in the study; from day 4 to 14 there was an increase in mRNA abundance of NPY and NPY receptor 5 (NPY5R) and a decrease in NPY2R in the clavicular adipose tissue. The orexigenic properties of NPY are mostly associated with NPY1R, 122 mRNA of which was not affected by age in clavicular adipose, but did increase in the hypothalamus of broiler chicks from day 4 to 14.…”

Section: Npy and Adipose Development In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the understanding of how neuropeptide Y andα-melanocyte stimulating hormone function in adipose physiology

2016

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Communication between the brain and the adipose tissue has been the focus of many studies in recent years, with the "brain-fat axis" identified as a system that orchestrates the assimilation and usage of energy to maintain body mass and adequate fat stores. It is now well-known that appetiteregulating peptides that were studied as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system can act both on the hypothalamus to regulate feeding behavior and also on the adipose tissue to modulate the storage of energy. Energy balance is thus partly controlled by factors that can alter both energy intake and storage/expenditure. Two such factors involved in these processes are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone (a-MSH). NPY, an orexigenic factor, is associated with promoting adipogenesis in both mammals and chickens, while a-MSH, an anorexigenic factor, stimulates lipolysis in rodents. There is also evidence of interaction between the 2 peptides. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the study of NPY and a-MSH regarding their role in adipose tissue physiology, with an emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms. A greater understanding of the brain-fat axis and regulation of adiposity by bioactive peptides may provide insights on strategies to prevent or treat obesity and also enhance nutrient utilization efficiency in agriculturally-important species.

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