Broiler Skin Strength: Influence of Age, Sex, and Feathering Rate

Bilgili, S. F.; Eckman, M. K.; Bushong, R. D.

doi:10.1093/japr/2.2.135

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Skin puncture strength was higher for males at 35 and 42 d, as previously reported by Bilgili et al (1993). Weinberg et al (1986), Casey et al (1992), and Christensen et al (1994) similarly reported sex differences in tensile strength of broiler skin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…***P < .001. and broken wings (female > male). The greater incidence of skin tears in females (P < .01) is because their skin strength is weaker than males, as demonstrated in the skin puncture strength measurements performed in this study, as well as those reported by Granot et al (1991b) and Bilgili et al (1993). There were no treatment by sex interactions for any carcass quality attributes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

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The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Broilers

et al. 1995

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Live performance and skin characteristics of male and female broilers were evaluated under four coccidiostat feed additive programs. Treatments consisted of halofuginone (H) and salinomycin (S), fed either continuously (HH and SS) or in rotational programs (HS and SH) during the starter (1 to 21 d) and grower (22 to 35 d) periods, respectively. An unmedicated withdrawal feed was provided from 36 to 42 d of age. Body weights, feed efficiency, and mortality (by pen) were determined, in addition to skin puncture strength measurements taken at Days 21, 35, and 42 on five birds per pen. At 43 d of age, all birds were processed and individually graded for skin defects. There were no treatment by sex interactions for any variable measured. Male body weights, feed efficiency, and total mortality exceeded those of females (P < .05). Skin puncture strength was reduced at 21 d in the HH and HS groups, at 35 d in the HH and SH groups, and at 42 d in the HH, HS, and SH groups. Thigh sores and scratches were higher for the HH group (P < .05), and thigh skin tears were higher for the HH and HS groups (P < .01). Males had more swollen hock joints and breast blisters than females (P < .001). Females had more thigh skin tears (P < .01) and broken wings (P < .001) than males. Results of the present study demonstrated that halofuginone affected skin strength of broilers, especially when used continuously or only in the starter feed (1 to 21 d).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Broilers

et al. 1995

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“…Casey et al (1992) found no significant difference in skin shear force values among the treatments fed continuous dietary halofuginone at 35-day-old broilers. Bilgili et al (1993) developed a skin punch technique and reported that skin from slow-feathering strain crosses appeared to be less elastic as compared to that of fast feathering crosses. Liu et al (1996), however, found a significant correlation between the content of collagen and the shear force value of chicken skeletal muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin tears occur at the various stages of growing and handling in poultry slaughter houses, resulting in downgrading and economic losses to the broiler industry. Studies on this issue (Bilgili et al, 1993;Granot et al, 1991) have shown that the degree of skin tearing is affected by strain, sex, dietary factors, and skin collagen content. Downgrades of broilers ranging from 5 to 7% at processing have been reported due to skin tearing (Leeson and Summers, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sources and Levels of Zinc on the Tissue Mineral Concentration and Carcass Quality of Broilers

Salim

Lee

et al. 2010

Avian Biology Research

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A study was conducted to determine the effect of sources and levels of zinc on tissue zinc concentration and the carcass quality of broilers. A total of 6,000 1-day-old unsexed broiler chicks were allotted randomly to four floor pens with 1,500 birds per pen. A corn-wheat-soybean meal basal diet (Control) was formulated, and 40 ppm inorganic zinc (40 IZ), 40 ppm organic zinc (40 OZ), and 80 ppm organic zinc (80 OZ) were added to the basal diet to form four dietary treatments. During the 4-wk experimental period, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the feeding trial, five birds from each pen were randomly selected as five replicates, slaughtered and carcass evaluation was performed. Results showed that zinc supplementations have no effect on zinc content in thigh muscle but a significant increase was found in skins from broilers in 80 OZ (P50:05). The epidermis thickness of tibia and back skin were not affected by the zinc supplementations. However, significant increases of tibia and back skin dermis thickness were found (P50:05) by zinc supplementation and organic zinc was more effective than inorganic zinc in this respect (P50:05). The collagen contents of breast and thigh muscle were not affected by dietary zinc supplementation, but organic zinc increased the collagen contents in the back skin of broilers (P50:05). Shear force values of back skin and breast muscle were not affected by zinc supplementation. It is concluded that dietary organic zinc is more effective in increasing the skin zinc concentration, and improving skin quality of broilers than inorganic zinc.

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“…Birds were killed by cervical dislocation and feathers were removed from the pelvic back. A small section of skin (approximately 5x5 cm) was removed with razor blades from the right and left pelvic Bilgili et al (1993a). Duplicate measurements were made from each bird (right and left pelvic skin) and averaged for analysis.…”

Section: Skin Strength Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Female Broilers: Influence of a High-Proline Diet Supplemented with Ascorbic Acid and Zinc

1995

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Live performance and carcass quality of female broilers were evaluated under four coccidiostat programs (CP) and two feed treatments. The CP consisted of halofuginone (H) and salinomycin (S), fed either continuously (HH and SS) or in rotational programs (HS and SH), during the starter (1 to 21 d) and grower (22 to 35 d) periods, respectively. All groups received an unmedicated withdrawal feed from 36 to 42 d. Feed treatments consisted of a control and a fortified diet high in proline and supplemented with additional ascorbic acid and zinc (50 birds per pen; 4 pens per feed; 8 pens per CP). In addition to live performance and skin puncture strength, carcass quality attributes following processing (at 43 d of age) were assessed. No CP by feed interactions were detected for any of the variables measured. The CP treatments did not differ for live performance. Birds on fortified feed were heavier at 21 d (P < .001) and had an improved feed conversion at 42 d (P < .05). Skin puncture strength was significantly reduced for the birds fed H, either in continuous (HH) or rotational programs (HS and SH). Skin sores-scratches and tears were lowest for the SS and SH groups. The HH treatment resulted in fewer grade A carcasses (P < .001). Halofuginone, when fed continuously or in the starter feed, affected carcass quality of broilers. Higher dietary proline or supplementation with ascorbic acid and zinc did not appear to alleviate the effects of halofuginone on skin quality.

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Broiler Skin Strength: Influence of Age, Sex, and Feathering Rate

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Broilers

The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Broilers

Effect of Sources and Levels of Zinc on the Tissue Mineral Concentration and Carcass Quality of Broilers

The Effects of Halofuginone and Salinomycin, Alone and in Combination, on Live Performance and Skin Characteristics of Female Broilers: Influence of a High-Proline Diet Supplemented with Ascorbic Acid and Zinc

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