Bromine, Organic Compounds

Abstract

This article focuses on organic bromine compounds with industrial application. The organic bromine compounds are prepared and produced either by substitutive or additive bromination. Organic bromine compounds, in which the bromine atom is retained in the final molecular structure, and where its presence contributes to the properties of the desired products, are the largest segment in terms of consumed volumes. This segment includes mainly flame retardants (50%), biocides (mostly for water treatment), gasoline additives, halons, bromobutyl rubber, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. New process developments resulted in new applications in ultraviolet (UV) sunscreens, high‐performance polymers, and others.

Halogenated indigo dyes: A likely source of 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole and some other halogenated carbazoles in the environment

“…These more recently deposited halogenated carbazoles may be from other anthropogenic sources. In recent years, both 3,6-and 2,7-dibromocarbazole have been utilized as raw materials in light emitting applications (Gong et al, 2012) and p-bromoaniline has been utilized in a number of commercial applications (Jackson, 1999;Ioffe and Kampf, 2004). Though the possibility of natural sources being responsible for these more recently deposited dibromocarbazoles cannot be definitively ruled out as 3,6-and 2,7-dibromocarbazoles have been found in cyanobacteria, most naturally produced brominated organic compounds are found in marine systems, not freshwater systems such as Lake Michigan (Zhu and Hites, 2005;Mumbo et al, 2014).…”

Palladium/XuPhos-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carboiodination of Olefin-Tethered Aryl Iodides

“…From various natural product and bioactive molecules to materials, and clean energy, organic halides undoubtedly represent versatile synthetic precursors even directly as target molecules . Over past decades, transition-metal catalyzed synthesis of racemic organic halides has attracted tremendous attention .…”

Aromatic Bromination in Concentrated Nitric Acid

“…In absence of bromine phthalic anhydride is nitrated to mixture of 3-nitro and 4-nitro derivatives [13]. Proposed in literature methods for manufacture of tetrabromophthalic anhydride 12 used as flame retarder [14] consists in bromination of phthalic anhydride in strong oleum combined with sulfur dioxide oxidation process [15] [16].…”

“…M 463.70. Bromopyromellitic acid(14). 0.64 g (0.0025 mol) of pyromellitic acid 13 and 1.60 g (0.01 mol) of bromine was heated in mixture of 12 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 5 ml of nitric acid at 75˚C for 15 h. After dilution with water 3-bromopyromellitic acid 14 was obtained in yield 0.75 g (90%), mp > 270˚C (dec.)) 1.…”