Bronchial anthracofibrosis: an emerging pulmonary disease due to biomass fuel exposure [Review article]

Gupta, Ajay; Shah, Anis

doi:10.5588/ijtld.10.0308

Cited by 71 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…Homemakers in particular are exposed to biomass smoke during cooking and warming in poor environmental conditions (6). As the consequence of exposure, organic and inorganic particles of various diameters and carbon particles are accumulated in the bronchial mucosa (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial Anthracosis - Anthracofibrosis: Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics

Uçar¹,

Araz²,

Akgün³

et al. 2014

Eurasian J Pulmonol

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Objective: Anthracosis is characterized by accumulation of black pigment in the bronchial mucosa. It may cause anthracofibrosis by leading to mucosal destruction and deformity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the underlying reasons and clinical characteristics of cases, in which anthracosis-anthracofibrosis was detected via bronchoscopy. Methods:The study comprised of 109 patients, in whom anthracosis -anthracofibrosis was detected by bronchoscopy between 2002 and 2012. Underlying reasons and clinical characteristics of the patients were analysed by reviewing medical records. The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Results:The present study included 52 males (47.7%) and 57 females (52.3%) with a mean age of 67.8±9.8 (34-85) years. Of the patients, 66 (60.6%) had exposure to biomass smoke, 38 (34.9%) had a history of smoking and 5 (4.5%) had occupational exposure. In bronchoscopy, 34 patients were shown to have anthracosis and 75 patients had anthracofibrosis. The right upper lobe (76 patients, 69.7%) and the left upper lobe (74 patients, 67.9%) were the most commonly involved sites; cough (58.7%) and dyspnoea (49.5%) were the most common symptoms, followed by chest pain (36.7%). The most common radiological findings were atelectasis (65.1%) and consolidation (55%). Of the patients, 46.8% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 24.8% had pneumonia, 18.3% had tuberculosis and 10.1% had malignancy. Conclusion:Biomass smoke exposure is the most important risk factor for patients with anthracosis-anthracofibrosis. Such patients should be evaluated and followed-up for various pulmonary diseases including COPD, pneumonia, tuberculosis and malignancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial Anthracosis - Anthracofibrosis: Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics

Uçar¹,

Araz²,

Akgün³

et al. 2014

Eurasian J Pulmonol

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“…All HRCT images were analysed independently by a pulmonologist and a radiologist, both with more than 30 years of experience. The diagnostic criteria adopted for BAF [4,10] were: (1) long-standing history of biomass fuel smoke exposure, (2) on HRCT, the occurrence of multifocal narrowing of involved bronchus when present and (3) visual confirmation on fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) of (a) bluish-black mucosal pigmentation, along with (b) narrowed/distorted bronchus. FOB was done only in those who gave a written informed consent again prior to the procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Bronchial Anthracofibrosis in Respiratory Symptomatics with Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke

Pilaniya

Kunal

Shah

2017

Advances in Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), confirmed bronchoscopically, is characterised by bluish-black mucosal pigmentation and distortion/narrowing of the bronchus. We investigated the occurrence of BAF in respiratory symptomatics with biomass fuel smoke exposure and evaluated its clinico-radiological attributes and impact on functional status. Material and methods: Of the eighty subjects evaluated, 60 consented for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). All 60 subjects also underwent chest radiography, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax, spirometry with reversibility testing and six-minute-walk test. Information regarding cardinal respiratory symptoms and duration of biomass fuel smoke exposure was documented. FOB evaluation revealed that 24 patients had BAF (Group 1), 17 had bronchial anthracosis (Group 2) and 19 had normal appearance (Group 3). Results: Group 1 patients had significantly higher biomass fuel smoke exposure (p < 0.0001) and lower walk distance (p = 0.003) with greater desaturation. On HRCT, segmental collapse and consolidation were significantly higher in Group 1 while fibrotic lesions were the predominantly seen in Groups 2 and 3. A significant inverse correlation in Group 1 was seen between exposure index, six-minute-walk distance and spirometric parameters. In Group 1, the right middle lobe (RML) bronchus was most commonly involved (15/24 [62.5%]). In Group 2, RML and left upper lobe bronchi were affected in 8/17 (47.1%) patients each. Conclusions: All patients in our study were females. Those with BAF had poorer functional status as compared to those with anthracosis only. On imaging, multifocal bronchial narrowing was specific to BAF.

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“…Patients with BAF frequently complain that their sputum is hard to excrete physiologically due to wall narrowing 4) . They also have a high incidence of pneumonia (up to 40%) 5) . The location of pneumonic consolidation on a plain chest radiograph often corresponds to the lobes with bronchial narrowing, and this confirms the diagnosis of pneumonia 6) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, BAF may be a major risk factor of pneumonia 4,7) . BAF itself is associated with several risk factors, namely, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and tuberculosis 3,5,7,8) . Women in developing countries who are exposed over long periods to biomass fuel exhaust also often develop BAF 3,5) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BAF itself is associated with several risk factors, namely, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and tuberculosis 3,5,7,8) . Women in developing countries who are exposed over long periods to biomass fuel exhaust also often develop BAF 3,5) . Moreover, a recent case series report from a British hospital and a letter about that report suggest that BAC and BAF are common in coal workers and other workers who are exposed to dust 9,10) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study

Cho

Choi

Myong

et al. 2015

Journal of Occupational Health

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The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study: Younmo CHO, et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Republic of Korea Objective Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF) is associated with occupational hazardous dust exposure. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of BAF and BAC without fibrosis in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to evaluate the associations between BAC/BAF and occupational dust exposure and clinical manifestations among patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A retrospective cross‐sectional study (n=170) among individuals who were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis or suspicious pneumoconiosis and underwent bronchoscopy between January 2000 and February 2013 was performed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate associations. Results In total, 153 eligible subjects were included in the study because their records contained all the required information. Of these, 81 (53%) and 63 (41%) had BAC and BAF, respectively. Occupational coal dust exposure increased the risk of BAF and BAC (odds ratio [OR]=2.980, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.184−8.128; OR=2.840, 95% CI=1.092−7.926, respectively). Profusion category 3 pneumoconiosis also increased the risk of BAC (OR=33.887, 95% CI=5.317−394.729). Conclusions BAF and BAC are associated with occupational exposure to coal dust. Therefore, clinicians should consider occupational history when they investigate the association between BAC/BAF and risk factors such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, and biomass fuel exposure.

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Bronchial anthracofibrosis: an emerging pulmonary disease due to biomass fuel exposure [Review article]

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Bronchial Anthracosis - Anthracofibrosis: Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics

Bronchial Anthracosis - Anthracofibrosis: Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics

Occurrence of Bronchial Anthracofibrosis in Respiratory Symptomatics with Exposure to Biomass Fuel Smoke

The association between bronchial anthracofibrosis and pneumoconiosis: A retrospective cross‐sectional study

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