Bronchiolitis in adult: A review

Abstract

Few diseases have a greater effect on the health of young children than viral respiratory illness of lower tract. This does not happen in adults, possibly due to the different states of activation and expression of the innate immune response and acquired immune responses in these two age groups. Bronchiolitis is a general term used to describe non-specific inflammatory injury that primarily affects the small airways and generally limits the extent to interstice. In the adult clinic, conventional and high-resolution radiology and respiratory functional studies are suggestive of the diagnosis but the etiology usually requires tissue. For this reason, in this work, although there are clinical and radiological classifications, we will use the histologic classification. The goal is a simple, concise and updated monograph issue discussing the different types of adult bronchiolitis, pathophysiology, diagnosis and current therapeutic options.

Coronavirus-associated bronchiolitis in an immunocompetent adult with anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

“…Common causes of acute bronchiolitis include infection, aspiration, toxic inhalation such as smoking, and connective tissue diseases. 9 A retrospective study of patients hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection characterized by diffuse acute bronchiolitis revealed that the most common infectious etiologies were M. pneumoniae, influenza virus, H. influenzae, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and S. pneumoniae. 10 Various causes of acute bronchiolitis may have similar pathological findings.…”

Tuberculosis Obstructive Pulmonary Disesase (TOPD)

“…The involvement of small airways (<2 mm internal diameter and without cartilage) due to obliterative bronchiolitis is an important factor in countries with endemic tuberculosis [34]. In a series of obliterative bronchiolitis, 98% of the causes were infectious and within these, 78% were post-tuberculosis [24].…”