2002
DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00398-4
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Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001: an update of the diagnostic criteria

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Cited by 1,189 publications
(1,074 citation statements)
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References 105 publications
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“…For over 10 years BOS has been defined as a persistent, obstructive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) in the absence of confounding factors (2). However, nowadays the term chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) seems more appropriate as it became clear that there are different phenotypes of chronic rejection.…”
Section: Survival Remains Hampered By Chronic Rejection Of Which the mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For over 10 years BOS has been defined as a persistent, obstructive decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) in the absence of confounding factors (2). However, nowadays the term chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) seems more appropriate as it became clear that there are different phenotypes of chronic rejection.…”
Section: Survival Remains Hampered By Chronic Rejection Of Which the mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…28 A secondary cascade of non-specific inflammatory mediators attracts other cells, including neutrophils, and leads to migration of fibroblasts, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and eventually collagen deposition and fibrous obliteration of the lumen. 29,30 Interestingly, studies of BOS in lung transplant recipients have suggested a central role of T-cell-mediated reactivity towards collagen. Thus, infiltrating monocytes as well as collagen type V (col(V))-specific Th17 cells are seen in the inflammatory focus.…”
Section: Pathogenesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…18 Early predictive markers are lacking. 15 Its connection with alloimmunity is based partly on a correlation with the severity of prior acute rejection.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%