Bronchoalveolar lavage in a patient with recurrence of sarcoidosis after lung transplantation

Comparison of Induced Sputum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Lung Transplant Recipients

“…10,12,13 Biologic mediators have been proposed as early markers of OB. 14,15 We showed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia 16 as well as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5) RANTES (regulated on activation: normal T cell expressed and secreted) 17 levels were increased in BOS patients before the classic criteria of BOS were met based on the decline in FEV 1 . Even if BAL is a potent tool for diagnosis of pulmonary complications in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), 18,19 it remains an invasive procedure that cannot be performed as often as would be necessary to detect early variation of markers relevant to OB.…”

Interstitial lung diseases in infants and children: Fig. 1—

“…This treatment option, however, is clouded by the fact that a very high percentage of long-term survivors of lung transplantation will develop bronchiolitis obliterans, and bronchiolitis obliterans or its complications are the single most common cause of death in these patients [60]. In addition, there have been anecdotal reports on the recurrence of several ILDs in the recipient lung, including sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis [38,61,62].…”