Bronchoalveolar lavage of ventilator‐associated pneumonia patients for antibiotic resistance and susceptibility test

Abstract

Background and Aims Ventilator‐associated pneumonia is highly prevalent nosocomial infection among patients under mechanical ventilation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is effective in identifying the type of pathogen involved and determine the course of antibiotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different pathogens involved in ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and associated antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. Methods In this descriptive cross‐sectional study, patients admitted to the intensive care unit under mechanical ventilation at Shahid Madani Educational and Medical Center in Karaj during 2018 and 2020 were included. BAL samples were obtained from the patients. Demographic data, duration of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, and antibiotic susceptibility and resistance tests were recorded for all the patients. Results Among 335 patients included in the study, 215 (64.2%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 55.06 ± 14.90 years. The most common pathogens reported were Acinetobacter baumannii (40%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.2%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.4%). The mean age of the patients, gender, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalization were not associated with the type of pathogen, P > .05, respectively. Conclusion BAL of these patients indicated that various pathogens are responsible for VAP, and can vary from patient to patient. Antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of these pathogens vary and therefore is important in determining the course of the treatment.

Monitoring the effect of microbial culture on cleaning and sanitizing of the external ventilator circuit

“…The most common pathogens reported for VAP were aerobic Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Acinetobacter, and Gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus (15)(16)(17).…”

Spectrum of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage specimens at a hilly area in Uttarakhand

“…Similarly, 76.7% susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae to meropenem in BAL specimens has been described in the recently published study (2022) conducted by Ahmadinejad et al . [ 9 ] The susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter spp. showed 83% intermediate results with colistin (similar to the study conducted by Ahmadinejad et al .…”

The significant role of Carbapenems-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii in mortality rate of patients with COVID-19

“…Previous studies reported that 8% to 28% of mechanically ventilated patients develop Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is 3 to 10 times more than patients who are not mechanically ventilated. Recent studies reported that several risk factors, such as trauma, duration of mechanical ventilation, sepsis, lung, and neurological disorders, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and previous use of antibiotics, increase the rate of VAP in patients [ 16 , 17 ]. Therefore, mechanical ventilation and its long duration should be avoided as much as possible, and patients with mechanical ventilation should continuously be screened for possible A. baumannii infection.…”