Broodstock History Strongly Influences Natural Spawning Success in Hatchery Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Ford, Michael J.; Murdoch, Andrew R.; Hughes, Michael S.; Seamons, Todd R.; LaHood, Eric S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164801

Cited by 44 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, hatchery programs can disrupt patterns of natural‐origin stray rates and decrease genetic differentiation (Ford et al. 2015a, 2015b, ). This study focused on donor stray rates, but estimates of recipient population stray rate are more relevant when evaluating potential genetic effects on natural spawning populations; however, estimates of recipient population stray rate are relatively rare (Keefer and Caudill ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Pearsons

O'Connor

2020

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Despite the importance of straying in understanding the ecology of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss, most of what is known about salmon and steelhead straying comes from tagged hatchery fish. We provide estimates of donor straying by natural‐origin spring, summer, and fall Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha and summer steelhead at three spatial scales in the upper Columbia River watershed by using PIT tags. In total, 823,770 natural‐origin Chinook Salmon and steelhead were PIT‐tagged as juveniles in the Wenatchee, Entiat, Methow, and Okanogan River subbasins and tributaries and the upper Columbia River between 2002 and 2017. Anadromous adults with PIT tags (n = 2,611) were detected at a variety of antenna arrays in the Columbia River basin between 2004 and 2018. Mean donor stray rates of each population were less than 1% at the basin scale (range = 0.0–0.7%), less than 10% at the subbasin scale (range = 0.0–9.8%), and less than 15% at the tributary scale (range = 0.0–14.3%). Many of the populations (11 of 28) that were evaluated across all spatial scales did not have any strays detected, and the mean of means for both species’ stray rates at all spatial scales was generally less than 5% (range = 0.2–4.0%). Chinook Salmon and steelhead strayed at similar rates when originating from the same subbasins and tributaries. Most straying occurred in an upstream direction at the subbasin (84%) and tributary (94%) scales. Variation in stray rates was most consistently associated with spatial scale and location and was less than 15% for both species at all spatial scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summer steelhead spawn throughout subbasins and are listed as threatened (Ford et al. ). Naturally produced juvenile steelhead migrate to the sea at ages 1–7, but most migrate at ages 2 and 3 (Peven et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Pearsons

O'Connor

2020

Trans Am Fish Soc

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“…For both hatchery-origin and natural-origin salmon that spawn in nature, RS can be highly variable among individuals (Ford, Murdoch, Hughes, Seamons, & LaHood, 2016;Hess et al, 2012;Williamson, Murdoch, Pearsons, Ward, & Ford, 2010). Variation in RS can be influenced by numerous behavioral and phenotypic traits that may interact with one another to impact fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a strong positive relationship between phenotypic traits such as body length and RS for both males and females has been documented across numerous studies (Berejikian, Doornik, Scheurer, & Bush, 2009;Berntson, Carmichael, Flesher, Ward, & Moran, 2011;Seamons & Quinn, 2010;Seamons, Bentzen, & Quinn, 2004;Serbezov, Bernatchez, Olsen, & Vøllestad, 2010). The timing of arrival on breeding grounds can also affect RS (Berntson et al, 2011;Dickerson, Quinn, & Willson, 2002;Ford et al, 2016). In addition, rearing history (i.e., hatchery-vs. natural-origin) may influence various phenotypic traits and can affect RS (Araki, Ardren, Olsen, Cooper, & Blouin, 2007;Berntson et al, 2011;Ford et al, 2006Ford et al, , 2016Hess et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term evaluation of fitness and demographic effects of a Chinook Salmon supplementation program

Janowitz‐Koch

Rabe

Kinzer

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

113

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While the goal of supplementation programs is to provide positive, population‐level effects for species of conservation concern, these programs can also present an inherent fitness risk when captive‐born individuals are fully integrated into the natural population. In order to evaluate the long‐term effects of a supplementation program and estimate the demographic and phenotypic factors influencing the fitness of a threatened population of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), we genotyped tissue samples spanning a 19‐year period (1998–2016) to generate pedigrees from adult fish returning to Johnson Creek, Idaho, USA. We expanded upon previous estimates of relative reproductive success (RRS) to include grandparentage analyses and used generalized linear models to determine whether origin (hatchery or natural) or phenotypic traits (timing of arrival to spawning grounds, body length, and age) significantly predicted reproductive success (RS) across multiple years. Our results provide evidence that this supplementation program with 100% natural‐origin broodstock provided a long‐term demographic boost to the population (mean of 4.56 times in the first generation and mean of 2.52 times in the second generation). Overall, when spawning in nature, hatchery‐origin fish demonstrated a trend toward lower RS compared to natural‐origin fish ( p < 0.05). However, when hatchery‐origin fish successfully spawned with natural‐origin fish, they had similar RS compared to natural by natural crosses (first‐generation mean hatchery by natural cross RRS = 1.11 females, 1.13 males; second‐generation mean hatchery by natural cross RRS = 1.03 females, 1.08 males). While origin, return year, and body length were significant predictors of fitness for both males and females ( p < 0.05), return day was significant for males but not females ( p > 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation programs that reduce the potential for genetic adaptation to captivity can be effective at increasing population abundance while limiting long‐term fitness effects on wild populations.

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“…High mortality rates prior to adulthood can mean replacement levels may not be met for newly established naturally spawning salmon populations. For these reasons, many populations of salmon are kept viable using hatchery supplementation to produce enough juvenile fish to maintain adult returns at or above replacement (Fast et al, 2015;Ford, Murdoch, Hughes, Seamons, & LaHood, 2016;Hess et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

Campbell

Kamphaus

Murdoch

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Coho salmon were extirpated in the mid‐20th century from the interior reaches of the Columbia River but were reintroduced with relatively abundant source stocks from the lower Columbia River near the Pacific coast. Reintroduction of Coho salmon to the interior Columbia River (Wenatchee River) using lower river stocks placed selective pressures on the new colonizers due to substantial differences with their original habitat such as migration distance and navigation of six additional hydropower dams. We used restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to genotype 5,392 SNPs in reintroduced Coho salmon in the Wenatchee River over four generations to test for signals of temporal structure and adaptive variation. Temporal genetic structure among the three broodlines of reintroduced fish was evident among the initial return years (2000, 2001, and 2002) and their descendants, which indicated levels of reproductive isolation among broodlines. Signals of adaptive variation were detected from multiple outlier tests and identified candidate genes for further study. This study illustrated that genetic variation and structure of reintroduced populations are likely to reflect source stocks for multiple generations but may shift over time once established in nature.

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Broodstock History Strongly Influences Natural Spawning Success in Hatchery Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Stray Rates of Natural‐Origin Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Upper Columbia River Watershed

Long‐term evaluation of fitness and demographic effects of a Chinook Salmon supplementation program

Patterns of genomic variation in Coho salmon following reintroduction to the interior Columbia River

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