Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries

Rubach, Matthew P.; Halliday, Jo E. B.; Cleaveland, Sarah; Crump, John A.

doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e3283638104

Cited by 209 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…the consumption of unpasteurised milk and dairy products, and/or animal husbandry activities) plays a very important role in its diagnosis. (8) However, patient history cannot help to distinguish infected from non-infected persons. While the majority of the patients diagnosed with brucellosis in the present study had a history of consuming unpasteurised milk and dairy products, and/or animal husbandry activities, 48 (29.3%) of the 164 patients did not report any risk factors, thereby raising the suspicion that supermarket products may have been prepared in inappropriate conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 164 cases

Kazak

Akalın

Yılmaz

et al. 2016

smedj

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INTRODUCTIONBrucellosis is a public health problem that is prevalent in several developing countries. METHODS The clinical and laboratory characteristics of 164 cases of brucellosis in Bursa, Turkey, were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTSThe ages of the 164 patients ranged from 15-85 years. All of the patients underwent the Rose Bengal test and 163 (99.4%) patients tested positive. 122 (74.4%) patients were diagnosed with acute brucellosis, 31 (18.9%) with subacute brucellosis and 11 (6.7%) with chronic brucellosis. Focal involvement was found in 101 (61.6%) patients. Although patients with focal involvement had a higher white blood cell count (p = 0.002), those without focal involvement had higher aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase values, and lower platelet values (p = 0.005, 0.007 and 0.039, respectively). Spondylodiscitis was observed on imaging in 58 (66.7%) of the 87 patients who presented with back pain. Among the 118 patients who were examined within the fi rst month of treatment, 79 (66.9%) responded to treatment. The relapse rate was 11.6% among all 164 patients.CONCLUSION Brucellosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis among patients who present with fever, and joint or back pain. Focal involvement should be investigated in the presence of leucocytosis, and subacute or chronic forms of brucellosis. To identify cases of spondylodiscitis, radiography should be performed in patients who present with back pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 164 cases

Kazak

Akalın

Yılmaz

et al. 2016

smedj

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“…However, there are many indicators that suggest that prevention strategies are not only feasible, but would positively impact human health and production. 6,23 For example, a cost-effectiveness study on mass vaccination of livestock found that by allocating costs to all sectors this strategy would benefit everyone. 24 Also, well-implemented programs of milk pasteurization in informally marketed products can effectively reduce human transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In Mexico, HB is endemic with a reported annual incidence of 25.7 cases per 100 000 person-years. 6 The largest report to date analyzed 67 982 sera of healthy individuals (one to 98 years old) obtained from the National Seroepidemiolgy Survey. This study estimated a national mean seroprevalence of 3.42%, and found an association with gender (women), but not with occupation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among dairy farm workers in Mexico

et al. 2016

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Objective. To describe the seroprevalence and associated factors for brucellosis among dairy farm workers. Materials and methods. We performed a secondary analysis of a data set and sera from a previous cross-sectional study in a dairy farm. Sera were tested for Brucella spp. antibodies by the slide agglutination test. Seropositivity was defined as a titer ≥1:40; recent infection was titers ≥1:160. Results. We tested 331 human sera. Seroprevalence of brucellosis was 18.1% (60/331; 95% CI 14.1-22.7); 13.3% of them (8/60; 95% CI 5.9 -24.5) corresponded to recent infection. Highexposure occupation (calf caretaker; OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.1 -9.7), daily hours in contact with cows (OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.03 -1.2), and living on-site (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1 -4.4) remained independently associated with seropositivity. Conclusions. We found a high seroprevalence of brucellosis among dairy farm workers, as well as a significant association among those with prolonged and close contact with cattle. ResumenObjetivos. Describir la seroprevalencia y factores asociados con la brucelosis en los trabajadores de una cuenca lechera. Material y métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario de datos y sueros obtenidos en una cuenca lechera. Se buscaron anticuerpos contra Brucella spp. en los sueros por medio de la prueba de aglutinación en placa. Se definió seropositividad a partir de un título ≥1:40, e infección reciente con títulos ≥1:160. Resultados. Se analizaron 331 sueros humanos. La seroprevalencia de brucelosis fue de 18.1% (60/331; IC 95% 14.1-22.7); el 13.3% (8/60; IC 95% 5.9 -24.5) correspondieron a infección reciente. Alta exposición (becerrero; RM 3.3; IC 95% 1.1 -9.7), horas diarias en contacto con vacas (RM 1.1; IC 95% 1.03 -1.2), y vivir en el establo (RM 2.2; IC 95% 1.1 -4.4) estuvieron asociadas independientemente con seropositividad. Conclusiones. Se encontró alta seroprevalencia de brucelosis en trabajadores de una cuenca lechera, y asociación en aquellos con contacto cercano y prolongado con vacas.

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“…Brucellosis continues to be a significant zoonosis worldwide, with epidemiologic data suggesting that it remains a significant problem in many countries, and increasing or re-emerging in others [1]. Humans are effectively dead-end hosts and persistence of brucellosis requires maintenance in susceptible reservoir hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

Olsen¹

2017

IJVR

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Brucella suis strain 353-1 is a stable vaccine strain that is clinically safe, does not cause positive serologic responses on conventional brucellosis surveillance tests, and induces humoral and cellular immunity in swine after vaccination. In this study, we evaluated tissue clearance and immunologic responses after oral or parenteral vaccination of feral swine with 1.9 x 10 10 colony-forming units (CFU) of strain 353-1, and compared efficacy of vaccination and control treatments in protecting against infection after experimental conjunctival challenge with a virulent B. suis strain. Feral swine vaccinated orally or parentally with strain 353-1 had greater (P < 0.05) mean ELISA titers to Brucella at all sampling times after vaccination when compared to non-vaccinated swine. PBMC from swine parentally vaccinated with 353-1 at 12 or 17 weeks, or oral vaccinates at 12 weeks after vaccination, demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) antigen-specific proliferative responses when compared to responses of PBMC from non-vaccinates. At necropsy, 4 weeks after experimental challenge with virulent B. suis, non-vaccinated feral swine had greater standard tube agglutination titers and disseminated infection with higher (P < 0.05) colonization (CFU/gm) in most tissues as compared to oral or parenteral vaccinates. The virulent challenge strain was not recovered from any tissues collected from parenteral vaccinates at 4 weeks after experimental challenge. Although the challenge strain was recovered at low levels from some samples, tissue colonization in most tissues of oral vaccinates did not differ (P > 0.05) from parenteral vaccinates, but was reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to colonization in non-vaccinated swine.

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Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries

Cited by 209 publications

References 103 publications

Brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 164 cases

Brucellosis: a retrospective evaluation of 164 cases

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among dairy farm workers in Mexico

Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Rough Brucella suisVaccine Delivered Orally or Parenterally to Feral Swine

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