Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia: A Massive Duodenal Lesion

Abstract

Bhatti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Brunneroma: A Case of Uncommon Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Young Adult

“…The underlying etiology of BGH is unknown. Numerous articles and studies have hypothesized that BGH results from excessive acid secretion, Helicobacter pylori infection, or inflammation encouraging the production of alkaline secretions by the Brunner's gland cells [1][2][3][4]. The reduced pancreatic exocrine function may also be the cause.…”

“…The American Institute of Radiologic Pathology refers to lesions that are less than 5 mm in size as BGH, while those that are more than 5mm as "Brunner's gland hamartoma" [ 1 ]. The literature review says that it’s quite uncommon to get upper gastrointestinal bleeding from isolated Brunner gland hyperplasia.…”

“…Although the small bowel makes up 75% of the digestive tract, tumors of this region are exceedingly uncommon (5%), with duodenal pathology being more prevalent than jejunal and ileal tumors [ 1 ]. It is extremely rare to get gastrointestinal bleeding due to Brunner's gland hyperplasia (BGH).…”

“…It can manifest from hyperplasia to a polypoidal tumor characterized as a Brunner's gland adenoma or hamartoma, respectively [ 2 ]. Ten percent of all benign duodenal tumors are BGH, an uncommon benign proliferative lesion with an estimated prevalence of 0.008% [ 1 ]. The primary physiological purpose of Brunner's gland, which is situated in the duodenal submucosa, is to create an alkaline-based mucus to shield the duodenal mucosa from the acid released in the stomach [ 3 ].…”

“…BGH is mainly discovered incidentally during endoscopy or imaging techniques. Thus, a duodenal polyp or mass must be histopathologically examined for a specific diagnosis and course of treatment [ 1 - 2 ]. We report a case of a young 25-year-old male who presented with the complaint of bloody stools and an episode of fainting secondary to severe anemia and underlying gastrointestinal pathology.…”