BSA‐Mediated Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Multimodal Imaging and Thermoradiotherapy

Abstract

Fabrication of ultrasmall single-component omnipotent nanotheranostic agents integrated with multimodal imaging and multiple therapeutic functions becomes more and more practically relevant but challenging. In this article, sub 10 nm Bi 2 S 3 biocompatible particles are prepared through a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated biomineralization process under ambient aqueous conditions. Owing to the ultrasmall size and colloidal stability, the resulting nanoparticles (NPs) present outstanding blood circulation behavior and excellent tumor targeting ability. Toward theranostic applications, the biosafety profi le is carefully investigated. In addition, photothermal conversion is characterized for both photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatment of cancers. Upon radiolabeling, the performance of the resulting particles for SPECT/CT imaging in vivo is also carried out. Additionally, different combinations of treatments are applied for evaluating the performance of the as-prepared Bi 2 S 3 NPs in photothermal-and radiotherapy of tumors. Due to the remarkable photothermal conversion effi ciency and large X-ray attenuation coeffi cient, the implanted tumors are completely eradicated through combined therapies, which highlights the potential of BSA-capped Bi 2 S 3 NPs as a novel multifunctional nanotheranostic agent.

BSA-assisted synthesis of ultrasmall gallic acid–Fe(III) coordination polymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics

“…24 BSA was first used by Burt et al to prepare gold NPs using direct conjugation methods. 25 Several kinds of noble metals, 26 metal alloys, 27 and metal sulfide NPs 28 have also been created using BSA as the surfactant. Recently, BSA was used as a nanoreactor to prepare theranostic agents.…”

“…29 Also, BSA-stabilized Bi 2 S 3 NPs have been used for single-photonemission computed tomography/computed tomography/ photoacoustic imaging-guided combined photothermal and radiotherapies. 28 Nevertheless, BSA is typically designed to regulate the synthesis of nondegradable inorganic NPs. [25][26][27][28][29] Further research is required to determine the potential of BSA in preparation of a new kind of biological safety material, such as a coordination polymer.…”

“…This phenomenon has been explained in a previous study in which the hydrodynamic diameter readings of BSA-coated NPs were slightly larger due to the strong hydrophilicity of BSA. 28 Importantly, preparation methods for GA-Fe@ BSA NPs can be easily amplified. The yield of synthesized GA-Fe@BSA NPs was nearly 1 g per reaction ( Figure 1C).…”

Novel Bismuth‐Based Nanomaterials Used for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

“…The blood-elimination half-life for these nanotubes is 26.99 AE 0.41 h, about seven-times longert han that of the nanoclusters (3.77 AE 1.53 h), suggestingt hat the nanotubes offer feasible tumor accumulation ability than nanoclusters. After homing to tumor tissues,t he nanotubes can be disassembled into nanoclusters in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to excellent CT imaging ability.M oreover, some biocompatible materials, such as bovine serum (BSA), [25] Tween-20, [26] and Pluronic F127, [27] have been used for enhancing in vivo CT imaging ability of Bi-based NMs throughi mproving their biocompatibility and prolongingt heir circulation time. For instance, the circulation half-life of Pluronic F127 modifiedB i 2 S 3 NPs have been prolongedt o5hours, showing excellent CT contrastc apabilityi nv ivo.…”

“…Reducing the sizes of Bi 2 S 3 NPsi ss till an effective strategy to enhancet heir photothermal performance thought here is no systematic research on the effect of surface and volumer atio. Wang et al [25] have prepared Bi 2 S 3 nanodots with the size of 6.1 AE 0.9 nm through aB SA-mediated biomineralization process, and the photothermal conversion efficiency of these Bi 2 S 3 nanodots can reach 51 %. Increasing absorption of NIR light by NPs is another approach to improve photothermal performance.…”