BTX production by coaromatization of methane and propane over gallium oxide supported on mesoporous HZSM-5

Recent Advances on Gallium-Modified ZSM-5 for Conversion of Light Hydrocarbons

“…Further reactions of ethane on Ga + take places through the “Carbenium activation” mechanism forming [H-Ga-O-C 2 H 5 ] + . They also showed that it is hard to regenerate the [GaO] + according to the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics ( Figure 13 ) [ 9 ].…”

“…In recent years, considerable research was applied for the development of novel and efficient catalysts and protocols for dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization of light alkanes for the production of olefins and aromatics that are of higher economic value as feedstock to satisfy the growing need of chemical industry [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes is also proposed as the possible route for production of olefins with high selectivity, and thus, has the superiority over other technologies such as thermal cracking and stream cracking [ 13 ].…”

The effect of active site distribution in bi-functional Pt-zeolite catalysts for ethane dehydroaromatization

“…[9,10] To address this drawback, different solutions have been proposed to minimize the mean diffusion path length. [10][11][12][13] The introduction of mesopores can suppress coke formation by facilitating the molecular diffusion. Mesopores can be created during J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f synthesis by using hard or soft templates [14][15][16] or via post-synthetic approaches such as alkali/acid treatments [17][18][19].…”

Ga Substitution during Modification of ZSM-5 and Its Influences on Catalytic Aromatization Performance

“…61 The cell parameters of the sample by in situ hydrothermal synthesis experienced the biggest growth, owing to complete substitution of all Ga species in the framework. The unit cell volumes of the Syn-Z5, Imp-Ga/Z5, LIE-Ga/Z5, and Syn-Ga/ Z5 samples were 7 213, 7 216, 7 222, and 7 257 Å 3 , respectively, indicating a linear growth with different degrees of Ga species substitution into ZSM-5.…”

“…As important bulk petrochemical raw materials, aromatics especially benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) are conventionally produced via a fossil-based process such as catalytic reforming and naphtha cracking. With strong demands on aromatics, BTX could be produced from C6–C8 hydrocarbons via an aromatization process. − Meanwhile, BTX could also be produced from more available sources such as fossils, coal, shale gas, and biomass. ZSM-5 has been demonstrated to be the main active component of the catalysts for hydrocarbon aromatization, light alkane aromatization, methanol to aromatics (MTA), and biomass to aromatics, as a consequence of excellent shape selectivity of MFI topological structure and tunable acidity. − To further improve the selectivity toward aromatics, modifications on H-ZSM-5 catalysts have been widely developed with a focus on metal modification with Zn, Ga, Pt, Mo, Ni, La, Cu, Fe, and Ag included, among which Ga exhibited superior aromatization performance and stability. − …”