Budesonide aqueous nasal spray is an effective treatment in children with perennial allergic rhinitis, with an onset of action within 12 hours

Mometasone furoate nasal spray is safe and effective for 1-year treatment of children with perennial allergic rhinitis

“…Although numerous clinical trials have established the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids in adults and adolescents with PAR, fewer studies have evaluated the efficacy of these drugs in children <12 years of age [7][8][9][10][11][12], and none of these pediatric trials assessed efficacy for longer than 12 weeks.…”

Activity of budesonide on nasal neutrophilic inflammation and obstruction in children with recurrent upper airway infections

“…Inhaled glucocorticosteroid treatment represents an efficacious approach for allergic rhinitis [9][10][11][12] reducing the edema of nasal mucosa and the experimental influx of inflammatory cells in the nose of allergic patients [1]. Indeed, treatment with intranasal glucocorticosteroids reduces the swelling of the nasal mucosa, which leads to airflow obstruction, and decreases the numbers of Langerhans cells, mast cells, eosinophils and T-cells in the upper airways of patients with intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis [1,[9][10][11][12].…”

“…Indeed, treatment with intranasal glucocorticosteroids reduces the swelling of the nasal mucosa, which leads to airflow obstruction, and decreases the numbers of Langerhans cells, mast cells, eosinophils and T-cells in the upper airways of patients with intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis [1,[9][10][11][12].…”

Allergic Rhinitis in Children: Selecting an Intranasal Corticosteroid

“…In children and adults, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies of BANS, FPNS, MFNS, and TANS have shown that the recommended once-daily starting doses of these INSs are well tolerated and are more effective than placebo in treating both SAR and PAR. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Head-to-head comparisons of INS sprays (single or multiple dosing) in adult patients (18 or more years of age) have found no consistent differences in efficacy among them for treatment of AR. 27 Similarly, the MURPHY 218 three head-to-head studies that have included pediatric patients have not found consistent differences between once-daily aqueous INS sprays.…”

“…The onset of effect of the INSs has not been formally studied in children; however, one placebo-controlled study by Fokkens et al 19 evaluating pediatric and adolescent patients with PAR (n ϭ 202 patients aged 6 to 16 years) found that patients treated with BANS 128 g once daily had significantly lower combined nasal symptom scores than placebo patients within 12 hours of treatment (p value not reported) and had significantly greater peak nasal inspiratory flow scores compared to placebo patients within 48 hours of treatment (p ϭ 0.015). In general, studies in adults (some of these studies included patients 12 years of age and older) suggest that significant improvements compared with placebo varies with the symptoms examined and ranges from 3 to 12 hours.…”