“…Nevertheless, international literature has raised concerns about the effective integration of clinicians into hospital management structures, highlighting clinical manager hybrid identities or stressing their role in providing the interface between the professional and managerial cultures (see, for review, Hoff, 2001;Mo, 2008;Numerato et al, 2012). Although a progressive absorption of management expertise by clinicians has been noted (e.g., Abernethy, 1996;Liu, 2008;Macinati & Rizzo, 2014), there is still a lot to be learned about clinical managers' attitudes toward managerial work, how clinical manager commitment toward managerial roles can be enhanced, and its link with performance. Indeed, potentially important phenomena of the scarce alignment between professional values and organizational requirements might be perceived by clinical managers who possibly may not feel emotionally attached and psychologically tied to the managerial role to be performed.…”