Budget Impact Evaluation Of A Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine (Pcv) 13 Valent Vaccination With Free Campaign Program For Corporations Vesus No Vaccination For Older Adults

Abstract

Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus spp. infections who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional amphotericin B. The model was built from a hospital perspective, and included drug acquisition costs and costs for treating drugrelated adverse events (AEs) within a hospital stay. The treatment duration of L-AmB and ABLC and rates of AEs for these two treatments were mainly obtained from a retrospective study of these two drugs in the target population using Cerner's Health Facts data. Treatment costs of AEs were obtained from publicly available sources. The budget impact (2011USD) was evaluated by changing the market share of L-AmB and ABLC from 50/50% to 80/20%. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying drug cost, treatment duration, and rates and costs of AEs. RESULTS: The per-patient costs associated with L-AmB and ABLC during one hospital stay were $14,563 and $16,748, respectively. Cost of AEs attributed to 68.7% of the costs for L-AmB and 85.4% for ABLC. In a hypothetical hospital with 100 annual admissions of patients using one of these two drugs for fungal infections, changing the market shares from 50/50% for L-AmB and ABLC, respectively, to 80/20% yielded a cost saving of $65,561. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust to changes in input parameter values. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hospitals can realize cost savings by substituting ABLC with L-AmB in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The cost savings are driven by the lower rates of AEs associated with L-AmB compared to ABLC.

The full benefits of adult pneumococcal vaccination: A systematic review

“…The most commonly captured benefit from the broad perspective was outcome-related productivity gains. Sixteen studies (10.7%) included this benefit [ 74 – 76 , 81 , 85 , 87 , 98 , 108 , 115 , 117 , 127 , 132 , 142 , 144 , 157 , 165 ]. These studies estimated how much work individuals miss due to a case of pneumococcal disease and compute the value of that missed work by multiplying missed time by the wage rate.…”

“…Even within the literature that examines benefits other than our narrow ones, study quality and reporting are at times limited. For example, of the 17 unique studies that account for at least one broad benefit, seven (41.2%) present only study abstracts [ 75 , 81 , 85 , 87 , 98 , 115 , 144 ]. Of the remaining 10 studies [ 74 , 76 , 108 , 117 , 127 , 132 , 142 , 157 , 160 , 165 ], other limitations abound, including, for example, borrowing epidemiological trend data from other countries [ 108 ], lack of data necessitating many assumptions and low estimate precision [ 157 ], and possible confounding due to a study’s observational nature [ 160 ].…”

“…In general, the 32 (21.3%) studies that present an analysis of PCV13 alone tend to take a more economically focused approach than the other included studies. Twenty-seven (84.4%) of these PCV13-only studies account for healthcare cost savings [ 55 , 63 , 64 , 80 , 82 , 87 , 91 , 98 , 110 , 117 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 130 – 132 , 150 , 151 , 153 , 156 – 158 , 168 , 173 , 178 , 184 , 194 ], compared with 79 (52.7%) of all included studies. Similarly, seven of these studies (21.9%) account for outcome-related productivity gains [ 81 , 87 , 98 , 117 , 127 , 132 , 157 ], which represents double the share of all included studies (10.7%).…”