Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus spp. infections who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional amphotericin B. The model was built from a hospital perspective, and included drug acquisition costs and costs for treating drugrelated adverse events (AEs) within a hospital stay. The treatment duration of L-AmB and ABLC and rates of AEs for these two treatments were mainly obtained from a retrospective study of these two drugs in the target population using Cerner's Health Facts data. Treatment costs of AEs were obtained from publicly available sources. The budget impact (2011USD) was evaluated by changing the market share of L-AmB and ABLC from 50/50% to 80/20%. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying drug cost, treatment duration, and rates and costs of AEs. RESULTS: The per-patient costs associated with L-AmB and ABLC during one hospital stay were $14,563 and $16,748, respectively. Cost of AEs attributed to 68.7% of the costs for L-AmB and 85.4% for ABLC. In a hypothetical hospital with 100 annual admissions of patients using one of these two drugs for fungal infections, changing the market shares from 50/50% for L-AmB and ABLC, respectively, to 80/20% yielded a cost saving of $65,561. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust to changes in input parameter values. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hospitals can realize cost savings by substituting ABLC with L-AmB in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The cost savings are driven by the lower rates of AEs associated with L-AmB compared to ABLC.

Aspergillus, Candida and Cryptococcus spp. infections who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional amphotericin B. The model was built from a hospital perspective, and included drug acquisition costs and costs for treating drugrelated adverse events (AEs) within a hospital stay. The treatment duration of L-AmB and ABLC and rates of AEs for these two treatments were mainly obtained from a retrospective study of these two drugs in the target population using Cerner's Health Facts data. Treatment costs of AEs were obtained from publicly available sources. The budget impact (2011USD) was evaluated by changing the market share of L-AmB and ABLC from 50/50% to 80/20%. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted by varying drug cost, treatment duration, and rates and costs of AEs. RESULTS: The per-patient costs associated with L-AmB and ABLC during one hospital stay were $14,563 and $16,748, respectively. Cost of AEs attributed to 68.7% of the costs for L-AmB and 85.4% for ABLC. In a hypothetical hospital with 100 annual admissions of patients using one of these two drugs for fungal infections, changing the market shares from 50/50% for L-AmB and ABLC, respectively, to 80/20% yielded a cost saving of $65,561. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust to changes in input parameter values. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that hospitals can realize cost savings by substituting ABLC with L-AmB in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The cost savings are driven by the lower rates of AEs associated with L-AmB compared to ABLC.

It is estimated that the prevalence of moderate-to-severe SA (apnoeahypopnoea index > 15/h) is 10%. Approximately 11% of SA patients have comorbid COPD, which worsens sleep quality and desaturations. This study investigated the effects of PAP therapy on all-cause mortality and cost of illness (COI) in patients with SA and COPD in Germany. A statutory health insurance (SHI) perspective was taken. Methods: A total of > 4 million individuals covered by the SHI database were analysed (≈5% of the German SHI population). PAP therapy was initiated in 4,068 patients with SA (PAP group). Propensity score matching was used to define a control group (CG) of 4,068 SA patients matched for age, sex, risk factors/aetiology, region and medication who received usual care (no PAP). Of these, 1,300 patients in the PAP group and 1,192 patients in the CG had comorbid COPD. This subgroup of patients was followed for 3 years after initiation of PAP therapy. Results: Total COI was higher in the PAP group versus CG in the first year of follow-up (€ 8,697 vs € 6,999, p< 0.0001). However, during the second and third year the difference in COI between the PAP and CG was smaller (year 2: € 7,340 vs € 7,316, p< 0.0048; year 3: € 6,847 vs € 6,714, p< 0.001). PAP recipients had a significantly lower 3-year mortality rate compared with CG (8.2% vs 11.7%, p< 0.001; relative risk reduction 30.1%). ConClusions: SA patients with COPD treated with PAP showed significantly reduced mortality and morbidity. Total COI was higher in PAP recipients versus CG over the first 3 years of follow-up, but the difference between groups decreased over time. A follow-up period of ≥ 5 years may be required to show beneficial economic outcomes in SA patients receiving PAP therapy.

Objectives: The surgical site infection (SSI) is the most often acquired hospital infection in Spain, about 19.4% of all nosocomial infections. The prevalence of this adverse event is 8.01%, generating high economic impact on hospital costs and undermining the quality of care. The risk of SSI has increased in recent years and infections have become more resistant to treatments. About 50% of SSIs are preventable, their costs are avoidable, and health technology can help avoiding them. The aim of this study is to analyze the economic impact that could represent the use of anti-bacterial sutures compared with conventional ones in Spanish hospitals. MethOds: An interactive Excel model was developed using data obtained through a published literature review. The rate of reduction of SSI with antibacterial suture is 30%. The incremental cost per patient with SSI is between € 9,657 and € 10,112.63. Two scenarios were designed: 100% of surgeries with normal sutures and 100% of surgeries with anti-bacterial sutures. A sensitivity analysis for the variables of greatest uncertainty was performed (cost per SSI). Results: The budget impact of the use of antibacterial sutures resulted in a 24% of cost savings related to the normal sutures. It represents savings of € 5.4M per year for an average Spanish hospital, and € 1,264M per year for the whole Spanish Health System. The results of the sensitivity analysis shows that even by changing the effectiveness of the suture and using the most unfavourable data found in the literature for the cost of an SSI, the use of the antibacterial suture still produces savings of 24% compared with the use of normal suture. cOnclusiOns: This budget impact analysis provides new evidence that reinforces the use of antibacterial sutures, because it may reduce the risk of SSI, the negative effects of its consequences and associated costs and significantly improving the quality of care for surgical patients in Spain.

Konsep tatanan kehidupan baru atau yang lebih dikenal dengan new normal merupakan sebuah konsep kehidupan baru dalam masa pandemi Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) dimana adanya perubahan perilaku untuk tetap menjalankan aktivitas normal dengan ditambah penerapan protokol kesehatan untuk pencegahan penularannya. Kader kesehatan adalah anggota masyarakat yang dipilih oleh masyarakat untuk membantu menangani masalah kesehatan di masyarakat. Keberadaannya sangat diperlukan dalam mensosialisasikan dan melaksanakan program-program kesehatan dalam upaya meningkatkan derajad kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mensosialisasikan kepada mitra tentang COVID-19, upaya pencegahannya dan bagaimana isolasi mandiri pada pasien terduga COVID-19, serta peran kader kesehatan dalam mencegah penularan COVID-19. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di hari Senin tanggal 8 Juni 2020 dari jam 13.00 WIB hingga jam 16.00 WIB secara daring melalui aplikasi Zoom dengan mengadopsi langkah-langkah action research yang terdiri dari 4 (empat) tahap, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan evaluasi, refleksi . Mitra kegiatan adalah Kader Kesehatan di Kelurahan Kurao Pagang Kota Padang serta Kenagarian Pariangan dan Sungayang Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Kegiatan ini disambut antusias oleh mitra dan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan mitra setelah penyampaian materi edukasi. Mitra diharapkan akan bisa menerapkan materi edukasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari ataupun ketika bersama dengan ibu hamil, ibu nifas, bayi dan balita