Build-up mechanisms determining the topology of mutualistic networks

Guimarães, Paulo R.; Machado, Glauco; Aguiar, Marcus A. M. de; Jordano, Pedro; Bascompte, Jordi; Pinheiro, Aluísio; Reis, Sérgio Furtado dos

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.004

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Entretanto, novos estudos abordando a interação comensalista entre epífitas e a comunidade arbórea em uma escala intermediária de investigação poderia promover teorias ecológicas sobre como espécies epífitas ocupam espécies arbóreas ao longo do terreno e viceversa. Afinal, grande parte da teoria ecológica é baseada em interações de competição (Cox & Ricklefs 1977;Stewart 1996;Begon et al 2006), predação (Mooney 2007), mutualismo (Bronstein 1994;Guimarães et al 2007) e poucos conceitos podem ser traçados sobre o papel do comensalismo na estruturação de comunidades ou nas redes de interações.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea

et al. 2009

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5Autor para correspondência: talita_fontoura@uol.com.br RESUMO (Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea) Investigamos a vegetação arbórea e a comunidade epífita da floresta seca para responder às seguintes perguntas: i) como a abundância e riqueza de epífitas ocorrem sobre os indivíduos das espécies arbóreas? ii) a abundância de forófitos depende do número de indivíduos das espécies arbóreas? iii) a abundância e riqueza de epífitas dependem do número e tamanho dos forófitos? iv) espécies arbóreas são selecionadas por espécies epifíticas? Nesta floresta, as espécies arbóreas mais abundantes é que hospedam a maioria das epífitas. Quatorze espécies arbóreas foram especialmente propensas a apresentar muitos grupos epifíticos e nove propícias a possuir várias espécies de epífitas mas não em alta abundância. O número de indivíduos arbóreos foi um bom parâmetro para estimar a abundância de forófitos e seu número foi considerado um bom parâmetro para estimar a riqueza de epífitas a ocorrerem nesta floresta seca. Quatro espécies arbóreas foram especialmente preferidas pelas duas espécies epífitas de maior abundância e freqüência na área, onde ocorreram com alta abundância. Entretanto, não houve seletividade de nenhuma espécie arbórea por epífitas raras que ocorreram na área. Palavras-chave : mata atlântica, restinga, comensalismo, redes de interação. ABSTRACT(Epiphytes from the dry forest of the Jacarepiá State Ecological Reserve, southeastern Brazil: interactions with the arboreal community) We investigated the arboreal vegetation and epiphytic community of a 'restinga' dry forest to answer the following questions: i) how does epiphyte abundance and richness occur on arboreal species? ii) does phorophyte abundance depend on the abundance of tree species? iii) does epiphyte abundance and richness depend on the size and abundance of phorophytes? iv) are arboreal species selected by epiphyte species? The most abundant arboreal species host most of the epiphytes. Fourteen arboreal species were especially prone to host ing many epiphyte groups and nine arboreal species were especially prone to hosting only high epiphyte richness. The abundance of arboreal species was a good surrogate to predict the number of phorophytes, and the number of phorophytes was a good surrogate to predict epiphyte abundance and epiphyte richness. Four arboreal species were especially preferred by the most abundant epiphyte species. Nevertheless, no rare epiphyte species had high abundance on any tree species.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea

et al. 2009

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“…However, due to the generally lower size of seed dispersal networks, with lower diversity of dispersers, i.e. animals/plants ratio lower in seed dispersal than in pollination networks, one may expect that seed dispersal studies require less effort to attain a similar sampling completeness (Blüthgen, Menzel, Hovestadt, Fiala, & Blüthgen 2007;Guimarães et al 2007). …”

Section: Sampling Completenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling completeness in seed dispersal networks: When enough is enough

Costa

Silva

Ramos

et al. 2016

Basic and Applied Ecology

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Ecological networks are an increasingly popular tool to explore community assembly rules and frame practical conservation issues. However, most described networks vary largely in sampling effort, hampering the distinction of true biological patterns from artefacts caused by poor sampling. Identifying entire seeds in the droppings of mist-netted birds is generally considered a preferred sampling method for building unbiased, quantitative seed dispersal networks. We retrieved seeds from the droppings of 936 mist-netted birds captured during five days in seven sites in Portugal and estimated sampling completeness as the diversity of seed species, disperser species, and links detected with respect to those predicted by Chao 2 estimator. In one of those sites, sampling effort was extended to 25 days to evaluate the sensitivity of ten network structure descriptors to increasing sampling effort. After five sampling days we detected 93% of the seed species, 97% of the disperser species, and 79% of the links predicted by Chao 2, however sampling for 25 days resulted in the detection of more seeds, dispersers, and links than those estimated at day 5. Most network descriptors only began to stabilize around day 8, except for Connectance and Weighted Connectance that stabilized earlier. Similarly, only after 8 days most networks descriptors significantly departed from the confidence interval estimated by null models exclusively constrained by species abundances, thus reflecting independent ecological patterns. Nestedness was the only exception, as it never departed from the null models. We suggest that Chao 2 may slightly underestimate the real diversity and that in our case at least eight sampling days were needed to build a sound seed dispersal network as 67% of the seeds, 88% of the dispersers, and 71% of the links were detected. Our results have important implications for the interpretation of seed dispersal networks because under-sampled networks may produce biased descriptors that do not suitably characterize the focal communities. ZusammenfassungÖkologische Netzwerke werden immer beliebter als eine Methode, um die 'assembly rules' für Gemeinschaften zu untersuchen und praktische Naturschutzregeln zu entwerfen.

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“…[24][25][26] and have been instrumental in the development of recent community assembly models for food webs (4,6,(27)(28)(29)(30). In this work, we build on the growing literature on mutualistic network models (18,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) by introducing a dynamic Boolean network framework to simulate the process of repeated colonizations and extinctions inherent in the real process of community assembly.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A network model for plant–pollinator community assembly

Campbell¹,

Yang

Albert

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

124

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Community assembly models, usually constructed for food webs, are an important component of our understanding of how ecological communities are formed. However, models for mutualistic community assembly are still needed, especially because these communities are experiencing significant anthropogenic disturbances that affect their biodiversity. Here, we present a unique network model that simulates the colonization and extinction process of mutualistic community assembly. We generate regional source pools of species interaction networks on the basis of statistical properties reported in the literature. We develop a dynamic synchronous Boolean framework to simulate, with few free parameters, the dynamics of new mutualistic community formation from the regional source pool. This approach allows us to deterministically map out every possible trajectory of community formation. This level of detail is rarely observed in other analytic approaches and allows for thorough analysis of the dynamical properties of community formation. As for food web assembly, we find that the number of stable communities is quite low, and the composition of the source pool influences the abundance and nature of community outcomes. However, in contrast to food web assembly, stable mutualistic communities form rapidly. Small communities with minor fluctuations in species presence/absence (selfsimilar limit cycles) are the most common community outcome. The unique application of this Boolean network approach to the study of mutualistic community assembly offers a great opportunity to improve our understanding of these critical communities.mutualism | transition graph | bipartite

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Build-up mechanisms determining the topology of mutualistic networks

Cited by 45 publications

References 38 publications

Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea

Epífitas da floresta seca da Reserva Ecológica Estadual de Jacarepiá, sudeste do Brasil: relações com a comunidade arbórea

Sampling completeness in seed dispersal networks: When enough is enough

A network model for plant–pollinator community assembly

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