Building a DNA barcode library of Alaska’s non-marine arthropods

Sikes, Derek S.; Bowser, Matthew L.; Morton, John M.; Bickford, Casey; Meierotto, Sarah; Hildebrandt, Kyndall

doi:10.1139/gen-2015-0203

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7 (Kuma et al 2016). Additional barcodes were downloaded from GenBank with the accession number in front of the species name on the phylogeny, are mostly from Sikes et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein in Southeast Asia, a tale of highly diverse male terminalia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Tang¹,

Yang²,

Grootaert³

2018

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In the present paper the Oriental species of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912 are revised based on the type material of known species and new material from Singapore and Cambodia. A re-description and illustration of the holotype female of Lichtwardtiaziczac (Wiedemann, 1824) is given but since it has been described on the basis of a female only and its provenance India Orientalis is only a vague indication of its type locality, it is considered as a nomen dubium. All the species put as junior synonyms by Becker (1922) of L.ziczac are re-established to their original status with diagnosis: Lichtwardtiapolychroma (Loew, 1864) and Lichtwardtiaformosana Enderlein, 1912. However, L.coxalis is now also considered as a nomen dubium since the original description is too short to distinguish it from other species and the holotype female is lost. In addition a re-description and illustrations of L.hirsutiseta (de Meijere, 1916) are provided. Eight new species for science are described and illustrated: Lichtwardtiacambodiensis Tang & Grootaert, sp. n. (Cambodia), Lichtwardtiaconspicabilis Tang & Grootaert, sp. n. (Cambodia), Lichtwardtiainfuscata Tang & Grootaert, sp. n. (Cambodia), Lichtwardtiamonstruosa Tang & Grootaert, sp. n. (Cambodia), Lichtwardtianodulata Grootaert & Tang, sp. n. (Singapore), Lichtwardtiasemakau Grootaert & Tang, sp. n. (Singapore) and Lichtwardtiasingaporensis Grootaert & Tang, sp. n. (Singapore). Lichtwardtiazhangae Tang & Grootaert, sp. n. (Bali, Indonesia) is a new name for the species described by Zhang, Masunaga & Yang, 2009, as Lichtwardtiaziczac (Wiedemann, 1824). There are only a few good diagnostic non-genitalic characters for the species, but the male terminalia are distinctive, from simple to very complicated and armed structures. A key is given to the species of the Oriental region. Barcodes are provided for the Singaporean species.Although Lichtwardtia is a common genus in Southeast Asia it is generally not abundant locally. It is often found in anthropogenic disturbed habitats only. Four species are recorded from Singapore while eight species are sympatric and very abundant at the locality of Siem Reap in Cambodia.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein in Southeast Asia, a tale of highly diverse male terminalia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Tang¹,

Yang²,

Grootaert³

2018

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“…Specimens of all included Boreophilia were identified to species via morphological study, or to genus for some females. These sequences came from a variety of projects (Table 1) and publications (Elven et al 2010, Pentinsaari et al 2014, Sikes et al 2017. The NEXUS file with the alignment and resulting tree is available for download from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7822496.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species review of the genus Boreophilia Benick from North America (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Athetini): Systematics, habitat, and distribution

Klimaszewski

Sikes

Brunke

et al. 2019

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Fourteen species of the genus Boreophilia Benick are now recognized in North America. Boreophiliainsecuta (Eppelsheim), reported by Lohse (1990) from North America, is a misidentification of a new species, which is described here as B.neoinsecuta Klimaszewski, sp. n., and the true B.insecuta (Epp.) does not occur in North America. An additional new species is found in Alaska, and described as B.beringi Klimaszewski & Brunke, sp. n. The following three species are synonymized (second name being valid): Boreophiliaherschelensis Klimaszewski & Godin, 2012, with Boreophiliavega (Fenyes, 1920); Boreophiliamanitobensis Lohse, 1990, with B.caseyi Lohse, 1990; and B.angusticornis (Bernahuer, 1907) with B.subplana (J Sahlberg, 1880), based on study of genital structures and external morphology. Athetagelida J Sahlberg, 1887, and Athetamunsteri Bernhauer, 1902, considered as Boreophilia in recent publications, are transferred to the genus Atheta Thomson, subgenus Dimetrota. Boreostibapiligera (J Sahlberg) is transferred to Boreophilia based on morphology and the results of our phylogenetic analysis. Boreophilianearctica is recorded from Alberta and B.nomensis is recorded from British Columbia for the first time. Each valid species is illustrated by color image of habitus, and black and white images of genitalia and tergite and sternite VIII. A new key to all Nearctic species of the genus is provided. DNA barcode data were available for nine of the 14 species, which we downloaded, analyzed, and used as additional evidence for the taxonomic conclusions reached herein.

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“…This is one aspect of the so-called "Taxonomic Bottleneck" (Kim and Byrne 2006) that describes the problem of Earth's biodiversity being too large for the limited, and possibly declining, taxonomic workforce available to describe and identify it. Alaska, a region one fifth the size of the contiguous 48 US states, and estimated to hold over 8200 species (http://arctos.database.museum/saved/AK-Arthropoda-checklist-2016-01-14) of nonmarine arthropods (Sikes et al 2017), currently has one Ph.D.-level insect taxonomist. There are fewer than 10 people in Alaska who regularly identify arthropods to species level and whose combined taxonomic expertise covers less than 25% of the state's species.…”

Section: The Taxonomic Bottleneckmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to obtain Linnaean names in this manner, the DNA barcode library, which holds identified DNA sequences against which one can query with unidentified sequences, must be reasonably complete. Towards this goal, the UAM Insect Collection has partnered with the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Alaska Region National Wildlife Refuge System Inventory and Monitoring Initiative to build an Alaska-specific DNA barcode library of nonmarine arthropods (Sikes et al 2017). The UAM Insect Collection has, to date, contributed DNA barcodes for 1662 Alaskan species, which, combined with DNA barcodes for species that occur in Alaska that were already in the Barcode of Life Datasystems database (BOLD) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), has yielded a total of 4020 species, or 48.5% of the known Alaskan nonmarine arthropod fauna.…”

Section: Dna Barcodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased funding for museum positions in entomology and invertebrate zoology is needed to produce taxonomic revisions and faunistic treatments of northern taxa. Given the effort that the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding has spent on documenting the Canadian fauna (Hebert et al 2016), that of Sikes et al (2017) in Alaska, and that of Wirta et al (2015) in Zackenberg, it would be ideal if Arctic nations globally collaborated to DNA barcode Arctic biodiversity, making not only millions of georeferenced taxon-occurrence data available but also genetic data available that could be used for both identifications and taxonomy. DNA barcoding efforts such as Norway's NorBOL project (www.norbol.org/ en/), which has a focus on polar biodiversity and plans to DNA barcode 20 000 species by the end of 2018 (Ekrem et al 2015), and Finland's FinBOL (http://www.finbol.org) are encouraging.…”

Section: Conclusion and Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The value of museums in the production, sharing, and use of entomological data to document hyperdiversity of the changing North

et al. 2017

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If the current rate of climate change continues, the composition, distribution, and relative population sizes of species in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are likely to change considerably. Understanding the magnitude of this change requires a well-documented baseline against which to compare. Although specimen-less observations can help augment such a baseline for the minority of organisms that can be confidently identified in the field or from photographs, the vast majority of species are small-bodied invertebrates, primarily arthropods, that can only be identified from preserved specimens and (or) their tissues. Museum staff archive specimens and make them and their data available for research. This paper describes a number of challenges to the goal of thorough documentation of high-latitude arthropod biodiversity and their potential solutions. Examples are provided from ongoing and recently completed research that demonstrates the value of museum specimens and the sharing of their data via global portals like GBIF.org.Key words: Arctic, biodiversity, Arthropoda, monitoring, inventory, taxonomic bottleneck.Résumé : Si le taux actuel du changement climatique se maintient, la composition, la répar-tition et les tailles de population relatives d'espèces dans les latitudes plus hautes de l'hémi-sphère nord sont susceptibles de changer considérablement. Pour comprendre l'ampleur de ce changement, il faut une ligne de référence bien documentée contre laquelle on peut comparer. Bien que les observations sans spécimens puissent aider à augmenter une telle ligne de référence pour la minorité d'organismes qui peuvent être identifiés avec assurance sur le terrain ou à partir de photographies, la grande majorité d'espèces est composée d'inverté-brés à petit corps, principalement des arthropodes, qui ne peuvent être identifiés qu'à partir de spécimens préservés et (ou) de leurs tissus. Le personnel de musées archive les spécimens et les rend disponibles ainsi que les données connexes aux fins de recherche. Dans cet article, on décrit un certain nombre de défis à l'encontre du but de la documentation minutieuse de la biodiversité d'arthropodes à hautes latitudes et les solutions potentielles à ces défis. On fournit des exemples de recherche en cours et récemment complétée qui démontr-ent la valeur de spécimens de musée et le partage de données via des portails mondiaux comme le Système mondial d'informations sur la biodiversité (GBIF.org).

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Building a DNA barcode library of Alaska’s non-marine arthropods

Abstract: Although far from complete, this library will become increasingly valuable as more species are added and costs to obtain DNA sequences fall.

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Revision of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein in Southeast Asia, a tale of highly diverse male terminalia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Revision of the genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein in Southeast Asia, a tale of highly diverse male terminalia (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

Species review of the genus Boreophilia Benick from North America (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Athetini): Systematics, habitat, and distribution

The value of museums in the production, sharing, and use of entomological data to document hyperdiversity of the changing North

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