Building indoor model in PALM-4U: indoor climate, energy demand, and the interaction between buildings  and the urban microclimate

Pfafferott, Jens; Rißmann, Sascha; Sühring, Matthias; Kanani-Sühring, Farah; Maronga, Björn

doi:10.5194/gmd-14-3511-2021

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Heatwaves and coldwaves can put significant pressure on the energy sector. To investigate the energy requirements in cities under these extremes, coupled NWP/CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations need to be conducted for selected historical extreme temperature events [79,80] and also projected future extremes under climate change to understand the operating conditions of DRES in these extreme conditions.…”

Section: Tackle Renewables Intermittencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Weather/Load Forecast in Real-World Distributed Energy-System Operation

et al. 2023

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Despite significant advances in distributed renewable energy systems (DRES), the technology still faces several substantial challenges that prevent the large-scale adoption of these systems into a country’s energy sector. The intermittency of renewables, uncertainties associated with real-time multi-horizon weather and load forecasts, and lack of comprehensive control systems are among the main technical and regulatory challenges for the real-world adoption of DRES. This paper outlines the current state of knowledge in the real-world operation of DRES and also describes pathways and methodologies that enable and facilitate the uptake of DRES in a country’s energy sector.

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Section: Tackle Renewables Intermittencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Weather/Load Forecast in Real-World Distributed Energy-System Operation

et al. 2023

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“…For simplification we thus assume that none of the buildings have been modernized. PALM's building database (Pfafferott et al 2021) is largely based on a typology for German residential buildings (Loga et al 2015). The most relevant parameters of PALM's default building configuration are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Areawide Building Retrofitting Affect the Urban Microclimate? An LES Study for Berlin, Germany

Maronga

Winkler

2022

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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In this work we investigate the effect of area-wide building retrofitting on summer-time, street-level outdoor temperatures in an urban district in Berlin, Germany. We perform two building-resolving, week-long large-eddy simulations: one with non-retrofitted buildings and the other with retrofitted buildings in the entire domain to meet today’s energy efficiency standards. The comparison of the two simulations reveals that the mean outdoor temperatures are higher with retrofitted buildings during daytime conditions. This behavior is caused by the much smaller inertia of the outermost roof/wall layer in the retrofitting case, which is thermally decoupled from the inner roof/wall layers by an insulation layer. As a result, the outermost layer heats up more rigorously during the daytime, leading to increased sensible heat fluxes into the atmosphere. During the nighttime, the outermost layer’s temperature drops down faster, resulting in cooling of the atmosphere. However, as the simulation progresses the cooling effect becomes smaller and the warming effect becomes larger. After one week we find the mean temperatures to be 4 K higher during the daytime, while the cooling effects become negligible.

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“…Façade elements with no anthropogenic waste heat (i.e., buildings with passive cooling in summer) are shown in black. From a PALM simulation, run by Leibniz University Hannover, cited by [ 53 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Generic Residential Building Model for Heat–Health Warning Systems

Pfafferott

Rißmann

Halbig

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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A strong heat load in buildings and cities during the summer is not a new phenomenon. However, prolonged heat waves and increasing urbanization are intensifying the heat island effect in our cities; hence, the heat exposure in residential buildings. The thermophysiological load in the interior and exterior environments can be reduced in the medium and long term, through urban planning and building physics measures. In the short term, an increasingly vulnerable population must be effectively informed of an impending heat wave. Building simulation models can be favorably used to evaluate indoor heat stress. This study presents a generic simulation model, developed from monitoring data in urban multi-unit residential buildings during a summer period and using statistical methods. The model determines both the average room temperature and its deviations and, thus, consists of three sub-models: cool, average, and warm building types. The simulation model is based on the same mathematical algorithm, whereas each building type is described by a specific data set, concerning its building physical parameters and user behavior, respectively. The generic building model may be used in urban climate analyses with many individual buildings distributed across the city or in heat–health warning systems, with different building and user types distributed across a region. An urban climate analysis (with weather data from a database) may evaluate local differences in urban and indoor climate, whereas heat–health warning systems (driven by a weather forecast) obtain additional information on indoor heat stress and its expected deviations.

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Building indoor model in PALM-4U: indoor climate, energy demand, and the interaction between buildings and the urban microclimate

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Adaptation of High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Weather/Load Forecast in Real-World Distributed Energy-System Operation

Adaptation of High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Weather/Load Forecast in Real-World Distributed Energy-System Operation

Can Areawide Building Retrofitting Affect the Urban Microclimate? An LES Study for Berlin, Germany

Towards a Generic Residential Building Model for Heat–Health Warning Systems

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