Building stones used in the architectural heritage of Morelia (México): quarries location, rock durability and stone compatibility in the monument

Rock Features and Alteration of Stone Materials Used for the Built Environment: A Review of Recent Publications on Ageing Tests

“…The higher resistance to acid solutions of dolomitic limestone, when compared with calcium carbonate sedimentary rocks, has been explained by coarser texture, lower porosity, and higher mechanical strength [57]. Explanations joining mechanical strength and bulk properties of the pore system, such as porosity, water absorption, and capillarity coefficient, with higher values of microporosity have been presented for higher susceptibility to salt crystallization of travertines [81] and pyroclastic rocks, with the variations in this last study being related to welding degree [43]. A comparison of rhyodacite and andesite found the former more susceptible than andesite because of the lower strength, higher porosity, and also higher microporosity [58].…”

“…Salt weathering tests with volcanic rocks showed the effects of existing heterogeneities such as structures of preferred orientation and big pumice clasts in ignimbrites [43] and the higher susceptibility of groundmass in trachytes [15] and in tuffs [46,67]. Surface heterogeneities such as stylolites have been considered to increase the susceptibility of limestones to freeze-thaw [16,17,65,78], wet-dry cycles [31] and salt weathering [17], with cracks assumed to be presented before testing also promoting the effects of these decay agents [53].…”

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

“…The Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze various heritage materials [123][124][125][126], though it was particularly useful in the analysis of pigments [127][128][129][130] due to the easy access to the low wavenumber region (< 500 cm −1 ). Extensive databases of Raman spectra have been developed for identification of pigment phases: for example, a very useful on-line resource is the collection of spectra available at the UCL Department of Chemistry website (www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/resou rces/raman / index .html).…”

Approaches to the Study of Salt Weathering of Geological Materials

“…Laboratory studies are, in general, more frequent than field studies (around 50% more), with diverse types of salts and weathering conditions (for recent reviews on laboratory salt weathering testing see Alves et al [5], Lubelli et al [6]). In the selected set, the main rock types are volcanic rocks (Seiki et al [3]; Yu & Oguchi [7]; Yavuz [8]; López-Doncel et al [9]; Germinario et al [10]; Özşen et al [11]; Çelik & Aygün [12]; Martínez-Martínez et al [13]; Pötzl et al [14]; Sato & Hattanji [15]; Zalooli et al [16]), being dominated by studies of pyroclastic rocks, and plutonic rocks (Cámara et al [4]; Yu & Oguchi [7]; López-Arce et al [17]; Silva et al [18]; Vázquez et al [19]; Cerrillo et al [20]; Martins et al [21]; Sousa et al [22]; Vázquez-Nion et al [23]; Graus et al [24]) with granite being dominant in this subset. In our present review we found fewer publications concerning laboratory testing of metamorphic rocks; most of them studying marbles (Vázquez et al [19]; Martínez-Martínez et al [25]; Navarro et al [26]; Vazquez et al [27]) with one studying gneiss (Ricardo et al [28]) but none in slates or schists.…”