Building the differences: a case for the ground tissue patterning in plants

Ruocco, G. Di; Mambro, Riccardo Di; Ioio, Raffaele Dello

doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1746

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For root length measurements, plates were photographed and the resulting images were analyzed using the analysis software ImageJ 1.47v available online (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). Root meristem size of 5 days post germination plants was measured based on the number of cortex cells in a file extending from the quiescent center to the first elongated cortex cell excluded, as described previously [38][39][40]. Images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (Zeiss LSM 780).…”

Section: Root Length Meristem Size and Cell Size Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size

Mambro

Svolacchia²,

Ioio³

et al. 2019

Current Biology

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Section: Root Length Meristem Size and Cell Size Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size

Mambro

Svolacchia²,

Ioio³

et al. 2019

Current Biology

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“…SHR moves toward the CEID, CEI and endodermis via plasmodesmata, where it is sequestered into the nucleus [22,23] (Figure 2 and Figure 3). SHR movements restriction is fundamental for GT patterning, as overexpression of SHR results in additional GT layer formation [24,25]. In the vasculature, SHR is maintained mostly in the cytoplasm by the activity of SCARECROW-LIKE23 (SCL23) [26].…”

Section: Root Radial Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was recently shown that SHR, together with SCR, also specifies endodermis differentiation. Functional endodermis is characterized by Casparian strips, lignified structures deposited on the radial and transverse side of the endodermal cell wall [24]. SHR directs the formation of the Casparian strips by inducing the MYB DOMAIN transcription factor MYB36 and the receptor-like kinase SGN1 and SGN3 [50,51] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Root Radial Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the key role of cytokinin in positioning the TZ, the regulation of cytokinin synthesis is fundamental for proper root patterning [13,24]. ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE (IPT) enzymes are key regulators of cytokinin synthesis [24]. In the meristem, the transcription factor PHB promotes cytokinin synthesis via direct induction of IPT1 and IPT7 [77].…”

Section: Root Proximodistal Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the root radial axis is extremely variable, as number and features of tissue layers is strictly dependent on the species [24,82,83]. One of the tissues along the radial axis that is most variable between species is the cortex [24]. For example, Cardamine hirsuta , a close relative of Arabidopsis , displays two cortex layers.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterning the Axes: A Lesson from the Root

Mambro

Sabatini²,

Ioio³

2018

Plants

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How the body plan is established and maintained in multicellular organisms is a central question in developmental biology. Thanks to its simple and symmetric structure, the root represents a powerful tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of developmental axes. Plant roots show two main axes along which cells pass through different developmental stages and acquire different fates: the root proximodistal axis spans longitudinally from the hypocotyl junction (proximal) to the root tip (distal), whereas the radial axis spans transversely from the vasculature tissue (centre) to the epidermis (outer). Both axes are generated by stereotypical divisions occurring during embryogenesis and are maintained post-embryonically. Here, we review the latest scientific advances on how the correct formation of root proximodistal and radial axes is achieved.

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Fruit ripening in Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum is associated with distinct gene expression patterns

Zhao

Yin

et al. 2020

FEBS Open Bio

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Goji berries have been used as food and medicine for millennia. Due to their high morphological similarity, fruits of two distinct species belonging to the family Solanaceae, Lycium barbarum (LB) and Lycium chinense (Chinese boxthorn), are usually marketed together as goji berries, but nearly 90% of all commercially available goji berries belong to the former species. A third closely related species, a wild perennial thorny shrub native to north‐western China, Lycium ruthenicum (LR; known as Russian box thorn, and its fruit as black wolfberry), has become a popular choice for combating soil desertification and for alleviating soil salinity/alkalinity due to its high resistance to the harsh environment of saline deserts. Despite the phylogenetic closeness of LB and LR, their fruits are very different. To identify the genes involved in these distinct phenotypes, here we studied expression patterns of 22 transcriptional regulators that may be crucial drivers of these differences during five developmental stages. BAM1 may contribute to higher sugar content in LB. High expression of BFRUCT in ripe LR is likely to be an evolutionary adaptation to fruit ripening in an arid environment. Two arogenate dehydratase paralogues, CHS and LDOX, are probably crucial elements of the mechanism by which LR accumulates much higher levels of anthocyanin. DXS2 (carotenoid accumulation in LB) and CCD4 (carotenoid degradation in ripe LR fruit) may be crucial drivers behind the much higher content of carotenoids in LB. EIL3 and ERF5 are two transcription factors that may contribute to the higher abiotic stress resilience of LR. GATA22‐like appears to have more important roles in growth than ripening in LB fruit and vice versa in LR. HAT5‐like exhibited opposite temporal patterns in two fruits: high in the 1st stage in LB and high in the 5th stage in LR. PED1 was expressed at a much lower level in LR. Finally, we hypothesise that the poorly functionally characterised SCL32 gene may play a part in the increased resistance to environmental stress of LR. We suggest that BAM1, BFRUCT, EIL3, ERF5, ADT paralogues (for functional redundancy), PED1, GATA22‐like, HAT5‐like and SCL32 warrant further functional studies.

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Building the differences: a case for the ground tissue patterning in plants

Cited by 25 publications

References 76 publications

The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size

The Lateral Root Cap Acts as an Auxin Sink that Controls Meristem Size

Patterning the Axes: A Lesson from the Root

Fruit ripening in Lycium barbarum and Lycium ruthenicum is associated with distinct gene expression patterns

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