Bulk and Surface Properties of Maleimide Copolymers:  Effect of Fluorinated Side Chains

Abstract

We studied the bulk and surface properties of maleimide (MI) copolymers based on three different main chains, poly(ethene-alt-maleimide), poly(styrene-alt-maleimide), and poly(octadecene-alt-maleimide), with two different types of side chains (4-(N-perfluoroheptylcarbonyl)aminobutyl and n-dodecyl). By the given alternating substitution pattern of the side chains in MI copolymers, different side chain organizations caused different surface energetics. On the basis of determined advancing contact angles of water on spin-coated MI copolymer films, solid surface tensions γ sv were calculated in the range of 19−23 mJ/m2 for alkyl side chains and of 11−18 mJ/m2 for fluorinated side chains. In both cases, within the aliphatic and fluorinated series, the main chain poly(styrene-alt-maleimide) suppressed a better alignment of side chains resulting in nondensely packed CH3 and CF3 surface groups, respectively, and higher solid surface tensions. For this study small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and molecular modeling calculation were used to investigate the bulk and surface properties.

Surfactant-free artificial latexes from modified styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymers

“…The produced imides are hydrophobic and much more stable against hydrolysis and will therefore form the core of the particles upon addition to water. Grundke et al [7] and Appelhans et al [8] have described reactions between amines and anhydrides to obtain imides. A similar approach was used in this paper (Scheme 2).…”

Temperature dependant structural changes in thin films of random semifluorinated PMMA copolymers

“…As a result of the strong interaction between the fluorinated segments, e.g. perfluoroalkyl groups, the side chains determine the structure behaviour strongly (Friedel et al, 2000;Gottwald et al, 2002) and influence physical parameters and application properties significantly (Gopalan et al, 2002;Appelhans et al, 2005;Tsuwi et al, 2007). In general, sufficiently long SF side chains are organized in ordered structures Busch et al, 2007).…”

X-ray characterization of crosslinked methacrylate copolymers for application as dielectric layers in organic electronics

“…Besides the common discussion about the reason of the lowering (see above), an important difference in between both sf side chain interactions (H10F10 vs. H2F8) should be the other arrangement of the perfluorinated part of the side chains. In the case of H10F10 a strong interdigitation of this part is known and widely investigated, not only in MMA-based main chain copolymers (Pospiech et al ., 2016) but also in aromatic and semi-aromatic copolyesters with sf side chains (Friedel et al ., 2000; Jehnichen et al ., 2001; Gottwald et al ., 2002), in sf side chain maleimide copolymers (Appelhans et al ., 2005), and in sf side chain polysulfones (Tsuwi et al ., 2007). On the other side, at the same places, a head-to-head arrangement for H2F8 was discussed.…”