Bulk boron doping and surface carbon coating enabling fast-charging and stable Si anodes: from thin film to thick Si electrodes

Fast charging is considered to be a key requirement for widespread economic success of electric vehicles. Current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) offer high energy density enabling sufficient driving range, but take considerably longer to recharge than traditional vehicles. Multiple properties of the applied anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials influence the fast‐charging ability of a battery cell. In this review, the physicochemical basics of different material combinations are considered in detail, identifying the transport of lithium inside the electrodes as the crucial rate‐limiting steps for fast‐charging. Lithium diffusion within the active materials inherently slows down the charging process and causes high overpotentials. In addition, concentration polarization by slow lithium‐ion transport within the electrolyte phase in the porous electrodes also limits the charging rate. Both kinetic effects are responsible for lithium plating observed on graphite anodes. Conclusions drawn from potential and concentration profiles within LIB cells are complemented by extensive literature surveys on anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials—including solid‐state batteries. The advantages and disadvantages of typical LIB materials are analyzed, resulting in suggestions for optimum properties on the material and electrode level for fast‐charging applications. Finally, limitations on the cell level are discussed briefly as well.

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“…Using this active material led to an increased rate performance even at high current rates (893 mA h g −1 at 8C). [ 115 ]…”

Section: Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects

Weiß

Rueß

Kasnatscheew

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

603

348

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“…Due to low electrical conductivity and insufficient bonding with binders and conductivity, P‐Si prepared by MR requires carbon coating to show better performance. [ 170,171 ] The electrochemical performance of the material prepared by using P‐Si directly from SiO 2 still has problems, although the electrochemical performance can be effectively improved by using carbon cladding, the surface coating does not guarantee the stability of the internal Si, which will still be broken during multiple charge/discharge cycles. And the internal rupture of Si can be effectively improved by in situ embedded carbon.…”

Section: Synthesis Strategies Of Si With Different Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Preparation Progress of Nano‐Structured Si Anodes toward Industrial Application from the Perspective of Cost and Scalability

Lai

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

103

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The urgent demand for lithium ion batteries with high energy density is driving the increasing research interest in Si, which possesses an ultrahigh theoretical capacity. Though various modification strategies have been proposed from the aspects of electrolytes, binders, Si‐M alloys, and Si/C composites, the preparation of nano‐structured Si is the first step for industrial application, since it has the potential solve the intrinsic problem of severe volume change during the lithiation/delithiation process. A series of Si nanostructures including 0D (nanoparticles), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes), 2D (thin film), and 3D (porous structure) have been developed and displayed encouraging results. However, it remains a great challenge to realize industrial production with acceptable cost and batch stability. In this review, the preparation development of nano‐structured Si is revisited. After briefly introducing the market situation for nanostructured Si, the fabrication of various kinds of nanostructure Si are introduced, and the corresponding progress including ball milling, magnesium thermal reduction, temple method, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical etching are comprehensively reexamined and compared from the perspective of mechanism, cost, technical maturity, and recent development. Finally, the further directions of nano‐structured Si preparation toward industrial production are deeply discussed. This review of preparation of nanostructured Si helps to pave the way toward commercial application of high energy density Si‐anodes.

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“…Notably, owing to the electron-deficient nature of boron atoms, doping boron could effectively activate the inert electronic structure in the carbon skeleton, resulting in remarkable charge transfer between sodium/potassium and the substrate. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, Barone et al 37 initiated the evaluation of the electrochemical properties of hexagonal BC 3 as a robust electrode material for PIBs through dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The results indicate that the intercalated hexagonal BC 3 (M x BC 3 , 0 o x r 2) exhibits the maximum stable capacity associated with the large gravimetric capacities of 572 mA h g À1 for Na and 858 mA h g À1 for K, a weak ion migration barrier, and small opencircuit voltage variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Richly electron-deficient BC_xO_3−x anodes with enhanced reaction kinetics for sodium/potassium-ion batteries

Wang

Bai

Wang

et al. 2022

Mater. Chem. Front.

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Bulk boron doping and surface carbon coating enabling fast-charging and stable Si anodes: from thin film to thick Si electrodes

Abstract: Surface carbon coating and bulk boron doping enabling high-rate and long durable Si anode.

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects

Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects

Revisiting the Preparation Progress of Nano‐Structured Si Anodes toward Industrial Application from the Perspective of Cost and Scalability

Richly electron-deficient BC_xO_3−x anodes with enhanced reaction kinetics for sodium/potassium-ion batteries

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Bulk boron doping and surface carbon coating enabling fast-charging and stable Si anodes: from thin film to thick Si electrodes

Abstract: Surface carbon coating and bulk boron doping enabling high-rate and long durable Si anode.

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects

Fast Charging of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review of Materials Aspects

Revisiting the Preparation Progress of Nano‐Structured Si Anodes toward Industrial Application from the Perspective of Cost and Scalability

Richly electron-deficient BCxO3−x anodes with enhanced reaction kinetics for sodium/potassium-ion batteries

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Product

Resources

About

Richly electron-deficient BC_xO_3−x anodes with enhanced reaction kinetics for sodium/potassium-ion batteries