Bulk copolymerization of dimethyl meta‐isopropenyl benzyl isocyanate (TMI®): Determination of reactivity ratios

Mohammed, S.; Daniels, Eric S.; Klein, A.; El‐Aasser, M. S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980118)67:3<559::aid-app18>3.3.co;2-c

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Unfortunately, TMI does not polymerize in free‐radical bulk homopolymerizations because of its α‐methyl group, which induces significant steric hindrance 14, 16. However, TMI can be either free‐radical copolymerize with various other vinyl monomers such as styrene13, 15 or attached to polymer backbones by free radical grafting 9–11. Low reactivity ratio values for TMI were obtained for the copolymerizations with styrene as a result of the inability of TMI to undergo homopolymerization and the slower polymerize rate 14.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of in situ synthesized macroactivator on morphology of PA6/PS blends via successive polymerization

Pei¹,

Liu²,

Xie³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:In situ polymerization and in situ compatibilization was adopted for preparation of ternary PA6/PSg-PA6/PS blends by means of successive polymerization of styrene, with TMI and e-caprolactam, via free radical copolymerization and anionic ring-opening polymerization, respectively. Copolymer poly(St-g-TMI), the chain of which bears isocyanate (À ÀNCO), acts as a macroactivator to initiate PA6 chain growth from the PS chain and graft copolymer of PS-g-PA6 and pure PA6 form, simultaneously. The effect of the macroactivator poly(St-g-TMI) on the phase morphology was investigated in detail, using scanning electron microscopy. In case of blends with higher content of PS-g-PA6 copolymer, copolymer nanoparticles coexisting with the PS formed the matrix, in which PA6 microspheres were dispersed evenly as minor phase. The content of the compositions (homopolystyrene, homopolyamide 6, and PS-g-PA6) of the blends were determined by selective solvent extraction technique. The mechanical properties of PA6/PS-g-PA6/PS blends were better than that of PA6/PS blends. Especially for the blends T10 with lower PS-g-PA6 copolymer content, both the flexural strength and flexural modulus showed significantly improving because of the improved interfacial adhesion between PS and PA6.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the macroactivator was graft copolymer obtained via free radical grafting of TMI attached to the polymer backbones. It is well known that TMI can also be copolymerized with various vinyl monomers, for example, styrene 13–15. The copolymer of styrene and TMI are of great interest for compatibilizing the blends of PS and PA6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of in situ synthesized macroactivator on morphology of PA6/PS blends via successive polymerization

Pei¹,

Liu²,

Xie³

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This spectrum exhibits new signals at ∼11.4 ppm which can be explained by side reactions involving isocyanato group leading to the formation of carbamate, urethane or urea. It can also be seen the presence of peaks assigned to the isopropenyl double bond which confirmed that m ‐TMI does not homopolymerize under radical conditions 32–34…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It was reported that m ‐TMI can homopolymerize by cationic mechanism,30, 31 but it does not have any tendency to homopolymerize through a radical mechanism 32–34. However, a few surveys report the copolymerization of m ‐TMI with different monomers such as methyl methacrylate,32 styrene,33, 34 propylene,35 n ‐butyl32, 36 or ethyl acrylate 37. It was of interest to focus on the radical copolymerization of fluoroolefins with m ‐TMI and it can be expected that such poly(fluorinated monomer‐ co ‐ m ‐TMI) copolymers may exhibit interesting properties combining the advantages of fluoropolymers with reactive pendant isocyanato groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected alternating radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene with 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate

Kyulavska¹,

Kostov²,

Améduri³

et al. 2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The radical solution copolymerization of hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), vinylidene fluoride, and tert-butyl-a-trifluoromethylacrylate with different monomers bearing isocyanato groups such as allyl isocyanate, 3-isopropenyl-a,a 0 -dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (m-TMI), and 2isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, initiated by 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane were studied. Several of these radical copolymerizations were not successful in contrast to that of CTFE with m-TMI, although m-TMI monomer does not homopolymerize under radical initiation. The resulting poly(CTFE-com-TMI) copolymers were characterized by 1 H and 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and their compositions assessed by elemental analysis. The reactivity ratios of both comonomers were determined by linearization methods of Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tü dö s for low conversions of monomers, and by the extended Kelen-Tü dö s method for high monomer conversions. The average values of the monomer reactivity ratios, r CTFE and r m-TMI , were 0.076 and 0.034 at 130 C, respectively, depending on these monomer

show abstract

“…Previous studies1, 2 reported on a two‐step method to synthesize pure graft copolymers with polylactams (polyamides) as grafts. The first step was to incorporate an isocyanate bearing vinyl monomer such as 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α‐dimethylbenzene isocyanate (TMI) in a polymer chain by copolymerization3–5 or free radical grafting 6–9. The latter technique is most useful for polymers like polyolefins whose monomers cannot be copolymerized easily with TMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow‐up of the course of the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of lactams onto an isocyanate‐bearing polymer backbone in the melt

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:In this study, a batch mixer was used as a rheoreactor to carry out and follow up in real time the rate of the anionic polymerization of -caprolactam onto a 3-isopropenyl-␣,␣-dimethylbenzene isocyanate bearing polypropylene (PP-g-TMI) in the presence of sodium -caprolactam as a catalyst. The isocyanate group in the PP-g-TMI was capable of activating the anionic polymerization, leading to the formation of a graft copolymer with polypropylene as the backbone and polyamide 6 as the grafts. The polymerization rate was related to the viscosity increase of the polymerization system. The latter then resulted in a concomitant torque increase. It was shown that torque was a rapid, convenient, and approximate measure of the polymerization rate. The use of the torque allowed for rapid and approximate evaluation of the effects of chemical and operating conditions on the polymerization rate without the need to determine the monomer conversions. Torque profiles were also a very useful piece of information for the design of a reactive extrusion process for the same type of polymerization system.

show abstract

Bulk copolymerization of dimethyl meta‐isopropenyl benzyl isocyanate (TMI®): Determination of reactivity ratios

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of in situ synthesized macroactivator on morphology of PA6/PS blends via successive polymerization

Effect of in situ synthesized macroactivator on morphology of PA6/PS blends via successive polymerization

Unexpected alternating radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene with 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate

Follow‐up of the course of the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of lactams onto an isocyanate‐bearing polymer backbone in the melt

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About