Bullying among healthcare professionals and students: Prevalence and recommendations

Ullah, Rizwan; Siddiqui, Faraz; Zafar, Muhammad Sohail

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.02.011

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Once ingested, inorganic ionic F is normally rapidly and nearly completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by simple diffusion [16]. F absorption depends on the stomach pH and solubility of the ingested F compound [17]. F is not protein-bound and occurs as a free ion in the plasma, and plasma levels of F increase at 10 minutes after its absorption.…”

Section: Fluoride Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and Dental Health: An Overview of Its History, Occurrence, Intake and Metabolism in Human, Methods of Delivery and Harmful Effects

Mansur

2023

Int J Clin Prev Dent

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Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal and the most electronegative element. It almost never occurs in nature in its elemental state, it combines with all elements, except oxygen and the noble gases, to form fluorides. A human can obtain fluoride (F) from air, drinking water and food. The metabolism of F is constituted of the following processes; absorption: secretion: distribution: and excretion. A distinction is made between F that is ingested systemically and that is applied topically. Nevertheless, as seen by Murray and Naylor 1996, such distinctions are not helpful since all methods of F delivery can have both systemic and topical effects. F has made a great contribution in declining dental caries prevalence since the discovery of its anti-caries effect in 1938 by Dr Trendly Dean. Prolonged use of F at recommended levels does not produce harmful physiological effects in human. However, like every chemical, there are safe limits for F ingestion beyond which harmful effects occur. At excessive exposure levels, ingestion of F causes dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and manifestations such as gastrointestinal, neurological, and urinary problems. These effects can be classified as acute toxicity and chronic toxicity.

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Section: Fluoride Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and Dental Health: An Overview of Its History, Occurrence, Intake and Metabolism in Human, Methods of Delivery and Harmful Effects

Mansur

2023

Int J Clin Prev Dent

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“…On the other hand, fluoride consumption at higher levels may lead to a range of detrimental effects [ 4 , 5 ]. High fluoride exposure can induce acute toxicity, occasionally reported, and the more common chronic toxicity, which is dependent on the dose and duration of exposure among other factors [ 6 ]. Endemic fluorosis is global in scope, affecting millions of people and occurring on all continents [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride-induced apoptosis in non-skeletal tissues of experimental animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Angwa,

Nyadanu,

Kanyugo

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…Studies on nursing students' bullying-related experiences in Saudi Arabia have been limited [23][24][25]. According to Ullah et al [26], surveys should be conducted in Saudi Arabia to provide insights into the educational experience. Tis could help identify bullying at an early stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Bullying and Emotional State among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study

Abualula

Almarwani

Mamanao

et al. 2023

Nursing Research and Practice

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Introduction. Bullying behavior by nursing students is a serious problem that has contributed to the drop in numbers in the nursing profession. Aim. The study investigated the relationship between bullying and the emotional state of undergraduate nursing students. Methods. The study used a cross-sectional correlation design with a sample of 286 undergraduate nursing students from multiple nursing colleges located in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The 21-item depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used to measure the study outcomes. A revised version of the Bullying Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess bullying experiences. Statistical analyses, including a t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a one-way between-subjects ANOVA, determined the significance of the relationship between study variables. Results. There was a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Saudi nursing students. Most of the respondents reported mild to extremely severe symptoms of depression (58.7%), anxiety (58%), and stress (44.8%). Around 90.1% of the nursing students reported exposure to a form of bullying over the previous 12 months. The most common items reported as part of this behavior included continually being assigned tasks beyond their capacity. Family members were the most frequently reported source of bullying (29.8%), followed by nursing faculties (20.9%). Bullying behavior was positively correlated with students’ scores for depression, r (284) = 0.49, n = 286, p < 0.01; anxiety, r (284) = 0.54, p < 0.01; and stress, r (284) = 0.56, p < 0.01. Conclusion. The study’s findings raise concerns and highlight the importance of decreasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse educators must ensure that students receive psychological support to decrease these psychological outcomes. Regularly monitoring bullying behavior is essential to maintain students’ psychological stability, which could eventually reduce professional dropout rates.

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Bullying among healthcare professionals and students: Prevalence and recommendations

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Fluoride and Dental Health: An Overview of Its History, Occurrence, Intake and Metabolism in Human, Methods of Delivery and Harmful Effects

Fluoride and Dental Health: An Overview of Its History, Occurrence, Intake and Metabolism in Human, Methods of Delivery and Harmful Effects

Fluoride-induced apoptosis in non-skeletal tissues of experimental animals: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Relationship between Bullying and Emotional State among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study

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