Buprofezin toxication implicates health hazards in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

Abstract

Insecticides are used to destroy insect pests in the agro fields to increase crop productivity. Despite the regulatory restrictions, their use gradually increases because of their broad spectrum and low cost. The high levels of insecticides present in the runoff from agricultural and industrial sources flow into the water leading to the pollution of aquatic life and health hazards in non-target organisms including fish (Prusty et al., 2015). As many traditional insecticides have been banned due to environmental and health risks, compounds with low toxicity are introduced into market. The use of insect growth regulators (IGR) as insecticides is increasing as they have a selective mode of action that differs from that of broad-spectrum neurotoxic traditional insecticides. Many insect growth regulators have superior efficiency against several insect species (Zhang, Zhao, Wang, Mu, & Liu, 2017). Insecticides affecting insect chitin growth are a promising type of IGR because of their selective mechanism of action on insects and their lower toxicity to other species. However, these insecticides have harmful effects at sublethal concentrations on non-target species. Triflumuron induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of Balb/C mice (Timoumi et al., 2018) while diflubenzuron and flucycloxuron affected both glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione in adult Gambusia affinis fish (Zaidi & Soltani, 2011). Buprofezin (2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one) is a thiadiazine insect growth regulator affecting chitin

Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy Participate in Buprofezin-Induced Toxic Effects in Non-Target A549 Cells

“…Although it is supposed to have low toxicity, its residues persist in the environment and might increase the latent health hazards for non-target organisms. For instance, the high levels of buprofezin present in the runoff from agricultural and industrial sources flow into the water, leading to the pollution of water environments [ 27 , 28 ]. However, previous information of BUP’s adverse effects on mammals, especially on human health, is limited.…”