Burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure in Taiwan

Lo, Wei Cheng; Shie, Ruei Hao; Chan, Chang-Chuan; Lin, Hsien Ho

doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2015.12.007

Cited by 78 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…b e end year in one-year survival is 2014, the end year in three-year survival is 2012, and the end year in five-year survival is 2010. deteriorating air pollution in the Asian countries after decades of rapid industrialization and urbanization has been recognized as the worst region among the world [30]. e potential health impacts of air pollution are multisystemic, and several studies had established the causal link of PM2.5 with lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary diseases [31]. Taiwan has established a nationwide air quality monitoring system and has been releasing a monthly report of PM2.5 concentration since 2005 [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Lin

Liu

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Purpose. Lung cancer has been the top-ranking cause of cancer deaths in Taiwan for decades. Limited data were available in global cancer surveillance regarding lung cancer epidemiology in Taiwan, and previous reports are outdated. Patients and Methods. This population-based cohort study extracted data of patients with lung cancer from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database and determined the lung cancer incidence and prevalence during 2002–2014. Histological subtypes were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry database; survival rates were gathered from the National Death Registry. Average annual percentage changes (APCs) of prevalence, incidence, and overall survival were estimated by joinpoint regression analysis. Results. Age-standardized incidence of lung cancer increased from 45.04 per 100,000 person-years in 2002 to 49.86 per 100,000 person-years in 2014, with an average APC of 0.7 (95% CI = 0.3–1.1; 0.2 in males, 2.0 in females). Lung cancer was more prevalent in male patients, but this increase gradually slowed down. Socioeconomic analysis showed that lung cancer has higher prevalence in patients with higher income level and urban residency. Adenocarcinoma was the most abundant histological subtype in Taiwan (adenocarcinoma-to-squamous cell carcinoma ratio = 4.16 in 2014), with a 2.4-fold increase of incident cases during 2002–2014 (from 43.47% to 64.89% of all lung cancer cases). The 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients in 2010 was 17.34% (12.60% in male, 25.40% in female), with an average APC of 9.3 (6.3 in male, 11.8 in female) during 2002–2010. Conclusion. Average APCs of prevalence and incidence of lung cancer were 3.1 and 0.7, respectively, during 2002–2014 in Taiwan. The number of female patients and number of patients with adenocarcinoma have increased the most, with incident cases doubling in these years. Facing this fatal malignancy, it is imperative to improve risk stratification, encourage early surveillance, and develop effective therapeutics for lung cancer patients in Taiwan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Lin

Liu

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…We obtained data on particles measuring less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5 ) from Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network established by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) [17]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: a comparative risk assessment

Chiou

et al. 2017

Popul Health Metrics

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BackgroundTo facilitate priority-setting in health policymaking, we compiled the best available information to estimate the adult mortality (>30 years) burden attributable to 13 metabolic, lifestyle, infectious, and environmental risk factors in Taiwan.MethodsWe obtained data on risk factor exposure from nationally representative health surveys, cause-specific mortality from the National Death Registry, and relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate mortality burden attributable to individual risk factors or risk factor clusters.ResultsIn 2009, high blood glucose accounted for 14,900 deaths (95% UI: 11,850–17,960), or 10.4% of all deaths in that year. It was followed by tobacco smoking (13,340 deaths, 95% UI: 10,330–16,450), high blood pressure (11,190 deaths, 95% UI: 8,190–14,190), ambient particulate matter pollution (8,600 deaths, 95% UI: 7,370–9,840), and dietary risks (high sodium intake and low intake of fruits and vegetables, 7,890 deaths, 95% UI: 5,970–9,810). Overweight-obesity and physical inactivity accounted for 7,620 deaths (95% UI: 6,040–9,190), and 7,400 deaths (95% UI: 6,670–8,130), respectively. The cardiometabolic risk factors of high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high cholesterol, and overweight-obesity jointly accounted for 12,120 deaths (95% UI: 11,220–13,020) from cardiovascular diseases. For domestic risk factors, infections from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were responsible for 6,300 deaths (95% UI: 5,610–6,980) and 3,170 deaths (95% UI: 1,860–4,490), respectively, and betel nut use was associated with 1,780 deaths from oral, laryngeal, and esophageal cancer (95% UI: 1,190–2,360). The leading risk factors for years of life lost were similar, but the impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol use became larger because the attributable deaths from these risk factors occurred among young adults aged less than 60 years.ConclusionsHigh blood glucose, tobacco smoking, and high blood pressure are the major risk factors for deaths from diseases and injuries among Taiwanese adults. A large number of years of life would be gained if the 13 modifiable risk factors could be removed or reduced to the optimal level.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0134-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…PM 2.5 is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that include various components including acids, organic chemicals (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-and oxygenated-PAHs), heavy metals, and soil or dust particles (Yue et al, 2015), which can directly affect the acidity of precipitation, degrade atmospheric visibility, and make the numerous harmful effects on individuals, even increased mortality or morbidity (Zhang et al, 2012(Zhang et al, , 2016Eze et al, 2014). Epidemiological studies have indicated that PM 2.5 is not only linked to an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases (Lo et al, 2016;Gillespie et al, 2013), but also associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (Genc et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure season-dependently induces neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries

Chen

Sang

2017

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Epidemiological studies have shown that particulate matter 2.5 (PM) not only increases the incidence of cardiopulmonary illnesses but also relates to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Considering that PM is highly heterogeneous with regional disparity and seasonal variation, we investigated whether PM exposure induced neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries in a season-dependent manner. The results indicated that PM altered the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (mainly bax and bcl-2), activated caspase-3 and caused neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, PM decreased the levels of synaptic structural protein postsynaptic density (PSD-95) and synaptic functional protein N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit (NR2B) expression. These effects occurred in a season-dependent manner, and PM collected from the winter showed the strongest changes. Furthermore, the effect was coupled with the inhibition of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB). Based on the findings, we analyzed the correlations between the chemical composition of PM samples and the biological effects, and confirmed that winter PM played a major role in causing neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries among different season samples.

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Burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure in Taiwan

Abstract: Ambient PM pollution is a major mortality risk factor in Taiwan. Aggressive and multisectorial intervention strategies are urgently needed to bring down the impact of air pollution on environment and health.

Cited by 78 publications

References 29 publications

Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Epidemiology and Survival Outcomes of Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Study

Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: a comparative risk assessment

Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure season-dependently induces neuronal apoptosis and synaptic injuries

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