Burden of ocular morbidities and color blindness among school-attending children in a foothill town of Uttarakhand State

Mittal, Sanjeev; Mittal, Shilekh; Saraswat, Neeraj; Kishore, Surekha; Agrawal, Ajai; Singh, Anupam; Samanta, Ramanuj; Bahurupi, Yogesh

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1677_21

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…[ 2 ] Color blindness affects ≈2.2% of the total population, and it is 16 times more likely to occur in males than in females. [ 3 ] Figure A demonstrates the anatomy of an eye having a normal color vision. In normal color vision, colors are perceived by three photoreceptor cells (also known as cone cells): short (S), medium (M), and long (L) cone cells, which are also referred to as blue (440 nm), green (540 nm), and red (560 nm) photoreceptor cone cells, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of 3D‐Printed Contact Lenses and Their Potential as Color Blindness Ocular Aids

Hittini

Salih

Alam

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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Color blindness or color vision deficiency (CVD) is a congenital ocular deficiency that hampers patients’ daily life activities. CVD patients rely mostly on using wearable visual aids that enhance color distinction by blocking problematic wavelengths of light. Contributing to that, this study examines the fabrication of 3D‐printed colored contact lens for color blindness management. A vat photopolymerization based 3D printing technology is utilized to fabricate the contact lenses for CVD patients. An in‐house prepared resin is mixed with a low‐cost colored ink to attain the desired blocking range (520–580 nm). The fabricated lens blocks more than 50% of light at the problematic wavelengths, along with exhibiting minimal leakage when stored and examined in water and contact lens storage solution. Average contact angle and water content values are 48° and 56%, respectively. Mechanical properties demonstrate the physical adequacy of the contact lens. The CVD filtering efficacy of the tinted contact lens and its potential as a CVD wearable is evaluated by comparing its optical performance with that of commercial products. Finally, cytotoxicity analysis of the lens to dermal fibroblast cells reveals the biocompatibility of the lens as the cell viability remains greater than 75% after 24 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of 3D‐Printed Contact Lenses and Their Potential as Color Blindness Ocular Aids

Hittini

Salih

Alam

et al. 2023

Macro Materials & Eng

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The role of telemedicine in ophthalmology in the assessment of visual acuity, color vision, and visual field: Cross-sectional observation study (Preprint)

Ribeiro Júnior,

Guimarães Filho,

Negreiros

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Telemedicine applied to ophthalmology has been developed since 1960s, however, it only had a greater evolution and a wide-scale implementation in 2020 with the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Since then, dozens of software and applications have been developed to evaluate different aspects of visual function. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the application of tests carried out through telemedicine to evaluate visual acuity, color vision, and visual field in patients of all Brazilian regions METHODS An observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was carried out. A convenience sample was made up of patients evaluated by the Eyecare Health clinic via telemedicine between the months of October 2023 and January 2024. All these patients evaluated via telemedicine were employees of a multinational evaluated in an occupational context (admission, periodic and dismissal consultations). The inclusion criteria was age over 18 years old and the exclusion criteria were incomplete or unavailable medical records. All patients performed three online tests: Best Corrected Visual Acuity (Eyecare Visual Acuity Test ®), color test evaluation (Eyecare Color Vision Test®) and remote confrontation perimetry. Data analysis was performed on DATAtab Online Statistics Calculator (2023, Austria). Data were described as measures of frequency, absolute numbers, percentages, mean, and standard deviation (when applicable). RESULTS 2197 patients from all Brazilian regions were evaluated. 91.81% were male and the mean age was 37 years. 17.10% had never undergone an ophthalmological evaluation. The mean visual acuity evaluated by Eyecare Visual Acuity Test ® was 0.2logMar for both eyes (± 0.16). Eyecare Color Vision Test® detected a prevalence of 2.28% of color vision deficiency. Confrontation perimetry showed 3.23% of visual field defects. CONCLUSIONS Tele-ophthalmology has proven to be an important ally in the widespread access to eye health, especially in countries or regions with unequal access to health services. In our study we assessed remotely 2197 patients and performed visual acuity test, color vision test, and remote confrontation visual field. We found a mean visual acuity of 0.2logMar for both eyes, 2.28% prevalence of color vision blindness and 3.23% of visual field defects. These findings reaffirm and highlight the importance of tele-ophthalmology in the detection and screening of ophthalmological diseases.

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Impact of color vision deficiency on the quality of life in a sample of Indian population

Ram

Shamanna

Bhardwaj

et al. 2023

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To investigate the quality of life (QoL) in a sample of color vision deficit (CVD) patients in India and how color vision deficiency affects them psychologically, economically, and in productivity related to their work and occupation. Methods: A descriptive and case–control study design using a questionnaire was conducted on N = 120 participants, of whom 60 were patients of CVD (52 male and eight female) who visited two eye facilities in Hyderabad between 2020 and 2021 and 60 were age-matched normal color vision participants who served as controls. We validated English–Telugu adapted version of CVD-QoL, developed by Barry et al . in 2017 (CB-QoL). The CVD-QoL consists of 27 Likert-scale items with factors (lifestyle, emotions, and work). Color vision was assessed using the Ishihara and Cambridge Mollen color vision tests. A six-point Likert scale was used, with lower scores indicating poor QoL (from 1 = severe issue to 6 = no problem). Results: The CVD-QoL questionnaire’s reliability and internal consistency were measured, including Cronbach’s α (α =0.70–0.90). There was no significance between the group in age ( t = −1.2, P = 0.67) whereas the Ishihara colour vision test, scores showed a significant difference ( t = 4.50, P < 0.001). The QoL scores showed a significant difference towards lifestyle, emotions and work ( P = 0.001). The CVD group had a poorer QoL score than the normal color vision group odds ratio [OR] =0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI], ( P = 0.002, CI = 0.14–0.65, Z = 3.0) . In this analysis, a low CI indicated that the OR was more precise. Conclusion: Color vision deficiency affects Indians’ QoL, according to this study. The mean scores of lifestyle, emotions, and work were lower than the UK sample.Since CVD is underreported and possibly affects developing countries more, advocacy for a new health care plan on CVD is essential. Increasing public understanding and awareness could also help diagnosing the CVD population.

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Burden of ocular morbidities and color blindness among school-attending children in a foothill town of Uttarakhand State

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Fabrication of 3D‐Printed Contact Lenses and Their Potential as Color Blindness Ocular Aids

Fabrication of 3D‐Printed Contact Lenses and Their Potential as Color Blindness Ocular Aids

The role of telemedicine in ophthalmology in the assessment of visual acuity, color vision, and visual field: Cross-sectional observation study (Preprint)

Impact of color vision deficiency on the quality of life in a sample of Indian population

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