Burden of Rotavirus and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens among Children under 5 Years of Age Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Suburban and Rural Areas in Kenya

Shah, Mohammad Monir; Odoyo, Erick; Wandera, Ernest Apondi; Kathiiko, Cyrus; Bundi, Martin; Miringu, Gabriel; Guyo, Sora; Komoto, Satoshi; Nyangao, James; Karama, Mohamed; Tsuji, Takao; Taniguchi, Koki; Morita, Kouichi; Ichinose, Yuki

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.398

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most common cause of AIG in children is viruses in approximately 70% of cases, followed by bacteria in 10–20% of patients ( Elliot, 2007 ; Chen et al., 2006 ). Among the viral etiologies, Rotavirus is the most frequent pathogen with different viral strains varying by season and geographies and affecting primarily children under 5 years old ( Elliot, 2007 ; Chen et al., 2006 ; Shah et al., 2017 ). However, in developing countries, pathogenic bacteria can be the leading cause of AIG with E. coli being the most commonly isolated etiology followed by Shigella flexneri ( Elliot, 2007 ; Dedwal, Pol & Bharadwaj, 2016 ; Kotloff et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in hospitalized children with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in a regional Peruvian hospital

Taco-Masias

Fernandez-Aristi

Cornejo-Tapia

et al. 2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Acute infective gastroenteritis (AIG) is a leading cause of mortality in children worldwide. In Peru, more than 40% of cases of AIG occurring in children under 5 years old. The disruption of the gut microbiota can increase risk for several health complications especially in patients with gastric infections caused by viruses or bacteria. Objective The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of 13 representative bacteria from the gut microbiota (GM) in stools samples from children under 5 years of age with acute infective gastroenteritis. Results The most commonly isolated bacteria from the GM were Firmicutes (63.2% 74/117) Bacteriodetes (62.4%; 73/117), Lactobacillus (59.8%; 70/117), Prevotella (57.2%; 67/117), Proteobacterium (53.8%; 63/117), regardless of the etiological agent responsible for the AIG. Interestingly, despite the high prevalence of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Prevotella across all samples, a visible reduction of these agents was observed especially among patients with a single bacterial infection or even bacteria–bacteria coinfections when compared to viral etiologies. Patients with exclusive or mixed breastfeeding registered the highest amount of gut microbiota bacteria, in contrast to infants who received formula or were not breastfed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota in hospitalized children with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in a regional Peruvian hospital

Taco-Masias

Fernandez-Aristi

Cornejo-Tapia

et al. 2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The faecal specimens were cultured on appropriate media for primary isolation of the bacteria as described previously [22]. The media included xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK), deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose (DHL) agar, bromothymol blue (BTB) agar, Salmonella‐Shigella (SS) agar, thiosulfate‐citrate‐bile salt‐sucrose (TCBS) agar (Eiken Chemical Company Ltd. Tochigi, Japan), alkaline peptone water and selenite broth (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of integrated water, sanitation, hygiene, health and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea disease epidemiology and microbial quality of water in a resource‐constrained setting in Kenya: A controlled intervention study

Wandera

Muriithi

Kathiiko

et al. 2022

Tropical Med Int Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: We assessed the impact of water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), maternal, new-born and child health (MNCH), nutrition and early childhood development (ECD) on diarrhoea and microbial quality of water in a resource-constrained rural setting in Kenya. Methods: Through a controlled intervention study, we tested faecal and water samples collected from both the intervention and control sites before and after the interventions using microbiological, immunological and molecular assays to determine the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic agents and microbial quality of water. Data from the hospital registers were used to estimate all-cause diarrhoea prevalence. Results: After the interventions, we observed a 58.2% (95% CI: 39.4-75.3) decline in allcause diarrhoea in the intervention site versus a 22.2% (95% CI: 5.9-49.4) reduction of the same in the control site. Besides rotavirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli, the rate of isolation of other diarrhoea-causing bacteria declined substantially in the intervention site. The microbial quality of community and household water improved considerably in both the intervention (81.9%; 95% CI: 74.5%-87.8%) and control (72.5%; 95% CI: 64.2%-80.5%) sites with the relative improvements in the intervention site being slightly larger. Conclusions: The integrated WASH, MNCH, nutrition and ECD interventions resulted in notable decline in all-cause diarrhoea and improvements in water quality in the rural resource-limited population in Kenya. This indicates a direct public health impact of the interventions and provides early evidence for public health policy makers to support the sustained implementation of these interventions.

show abstract

“…Likewise, the prevalence of the age-dependent detection of Gram-negative bacteria in Göttingen, Medan, and Siberut was predominantly positively associated with age. Shah et al (2017) analyzed stool samples from 1,060 children in a suburban and a rural study site in western Kenya. Diarrheacausing E. coli strains were detected most frequently (32.8/44.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Shah et al (2017) analyzed stool samples from 1,060 children in a suburban and a rural study site in western Kenya. Diarrhea-causing E. coli strains were detected most frequently (32.8/44.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative pilot study on Gram-negative bacteria contaminating the hands of children living in urban and rural areas of Indonesia versus Germany – A suitable monitoring strategy for diarrhea risk assessment?

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death mainly effecting young children. Often it is the result of fecal-oral pathogen transmission. We aimed to investigate whether monitoring the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria on the hands of asymptomatic children is suitable as an indicator of fecal contamination of the environment in their playground. We compared the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria on the hands of children, who live in the German city of Göttingen, an urban area in a high-income country, with the situation in Medan as an urban area and Siberut as a rural area both in the middle-income country Indonesia. A total of 511 children at the age of 3 months to 14 years were asked to put their thumb print on MacConkey agar, which was used to screen for the presence of Gram-negative bacteria. These were subsequently identified by using MALD-TOF mass spectrometry and classified into the order Enterobacterales, Pseudomonadales, and others. The highest burden of hand contamination was found in children from rural Siberut (66.7%) followed by children from urban Medan (53.9%), and from urban Göttingen (40.6%). In all three study sites, hand contamination was lower in the youngest (<1 year) and oldest age groups (10–14 years) and highest in the age group 5–9 years. Bacteria of the order Enterobacterales possibly indicating fecal contamination were most prevalent in Siberut (85.1%) followed by Medan (62.9%) and Göttingen (21.5%). Most facultative and obligate gastrointestinal pathogens such as Escherichia coli (n = 2) and Providencia rettgeri (n = 7), both being members of the order Enterobacterales, as well as Aeromonas caviae (n = 5), and Vibrio cholerae (n = 1) both belonging to other orders were nearly exclusively identified on the hands of children in Siberut. This result was not surprising, because hygienic conditions were lowest in Siberut. Only one isolate of A. caviae was found in Medan, and no facultative gastrointestinal pathogen was identified on the hands of children from Göttingen. Our pilot study therefore indicates that investigating hands of children for the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria using selective media are a helpful method to monitor hygienic conditions, and thereby assess the risk for diarrhea-causing bacterial pathogens in the environment.

show abstract

Burden of Rotavirus and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens among Children under 5 Years of Age Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Suburban and Rural Areas in Kenya

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Gut microbiota in hospitalized children with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in a regional Peruvian hospital

Gut microbiota in hospitalized children with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in a regional Peruvian hospital

Impact of integrated water, sanitation, hygiene, health and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea disease epidemiology and microbial quality of water in a resource‐constrained setting in Kenya: A controlled intervention study

A comparative pilot study on Gram-negative bacteria contaminating the hands of children living in urban and rural areas of Indonesia versus Germany – A suitable monitoring strategy for diarrhea risk assessment?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About