Bureaucratic discretion in policy implementation: evidence from the Allotment Era

Dippel, Christian; Frye, Dustin; Leonard, Bryan

doi:10.1007/s11127-022-01019-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Any excess lands left over were declared "surplus" and were then taken and made available for non-Native settlement. In most cases, these lands were removed from the reservation and governance of the tribe (Dippel, Frye, and Leonard 2022). In total, through the various allotment acts between 90 and 100 million acres of previously recognized Indigenous lands (amounting to two-thirds of the tribal land base) were removed from reservations (Ball 2016, 21;Wall 2010, 6).…”

Section: Legal Challenges To Land Takingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, allotment was abruptly ended in 1934, in large part due to concerns raised by the 1928 "Meriam Report." Indian Agents were responsible for declaring allottees "competent" to hold fee-simple title, but significant top-down efforts by the federal governmentsuch as the 1906 Burke Act and the "Competency Commission" in the 1910s led to massive conversion of land to fee-simple and subsequent sale to whites (Dippel, Frye, and Leonard 2022). Broad criticism of these rapid and perfunctory transfers and their impact on tribes by Meriam (1928) were partially responsible for the major federal shift away from allotment in 1934.…”

Section: Legal Challenges To Land Takingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Homesteading: Native Land Dispossession through Strategic Occupation

ALLEN,

LEONARD

2024

Am Polit Sci Rev

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U.S. homesteading has been linked to establishing federal sovereignty over western lands threatened by the Confederacy, foreign powers, and the Indian Wars in the last half of the nineteenth century. However, the bulk of homesteading actually took place in the early twentieth century, long after these threats to federal ownership ceased. We argue that this “late homesteading” was also an effort to enforce federal rights, but in response to a different threat—a legal one. Questionable federal land policies in the late nineteenth century dispossessed massive amounts of Indigenous lands, and exposed the federal government to legal, rather than violent, conflict. Late homesteading was used to make the dispossession permanent, even in cases where a legal defeat eventually occurred. Examining the qualitative evidence, and using data on the universe of individual homesteads and federal land cessions across the 16 western states, we find evidence consistent with this hypothesis.

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Section: Legal Challenges To Land Takingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legal Challenges To Land Takingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Homesteading: Native Land Dispossession through Strategic Occupation

ALLEN,

LEONARD

2024

Am Polit Sci Rev

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“…With their private land, each Native American family was expected to settle down into the farming lifestyle. However, as Dippel et al (2022) found, the local agents overseeing allotment had discretion in policy implementation, which allowed their individual preferences to affect the distribution of land titles.…”

Section: Background On Federal Indian Policy and Assimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation and economic development: the case of federal Indian policy

Miller

2023

Public Choice

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Throughout the nineteenth century, federal Indian policy oscillated between two extreme positions: assimilation versus isolation. While scholars have often been interested in the impact of past federal policy on current levels of economic development among American Indian tribes, none have explicitly examined the influence of federal assimilation policy on long-run economic development. In this paper, I take advantage of tribal-level variation in the application of federal policies to estimate the effect of assimilation on long-run economic performance. To quantify the impact of such policies, I introduce a novel measure of cultural assimilation: the prevalence of traditional indigenous names relative to common American first names. To calculate the distribution of name types, I have gathered the names and locations for all American Indians enumerated in the 1900 United States census. After classifying each name, I calculated the reservation-specific share of non-indigenous names. I estimate the relationship between cultural assimilation in 1900 and per capita income from 1970 through 2020. I find that historical levels of assimilation are consistently associated with higher levels of per capita income in all census years. The results are robust to the inclusion of a variety of cultural and institutional controls and regional fixed effects.

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A reservation economic freedom index

Stratmann

2023

Public Choice

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Bureaucratic discretion in policy implementation: evidence from the Allotment Era

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Late Homesteading: Native Land Dispossession through Strategic Occupation

Late Homesteading: Native Land Dispossession through Strategic Occupation

Assimilation and economic development: the case of federal Indian policy

A reservation economic freedom index

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