Burial Environment Drives Seed Mortality of Kochia (Bassia scoparia), Wild Oat (Avena fatua), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) Irrespective of Crop Species

Geddes, Charles M.

doi:10.3390/plants10091961

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Strategic design of crop rotations to include crops targeting the kochia critical period for weed seed control (Geddes and Davis 2021), while improving the competitiveness of less-competitive crops like field pea through the use of leafy pea cultivars, higher seeding rates, and spring-applied fertilizer (Harker et al 2008;Blackshaw et al 2005), could go a long way to reducing kochia seed production and return to the soil seedbank. The short seedbank persistence of kochia (Beckie et al 2018;Geddes 2021) suggests that consistent mitigation of kochia seed return for a few years consecutively could cause rapid population decline, thereby reducing the rate at which the evolution of herbicide resistance takes place.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolific seed production (up to 120 000 seeds plant −1 ) and long-distance seed dispersal of this tumbleweed facilitate its spread among fields (Beckie et al 2016). While short kochia seed longevity (about 1-2 yr) in the soil seedbank (Beckie et al 2018;Geddes 2021) can hasten evolution and population turnover, rapid seedbank depletion also serves as a target for alternative weed control efforts (Geddes and Davis 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in field pea

Torbiak¹,

Blackshaw

Brandt

et al. 2022

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is an invasive C4 tumbleweed in the Great Plains of North America, where it impedes crop harvest and causes significant crop yield losses. Rapid evolution and spread of glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant kochia in western Canada limit the herbicide options available for control of these biotypes in field pea (Pisum sativum L.); one of the predominant pulse crops grown in this region. Field experiments were conducted near Lethbridge, Alberta in 2013-2015 and Coalhurst, Alberta in 2013-2014 to determine which herbicide options effectively control glyphosate- and ALS inhibitor-resistant kochia in field pea. Visible injury of field pea was minor (0-4%) in all environments except for Lethbridge 2013, where pre-plant (PP) flumioxazin and all treatments containing post-emergence (POST) imazamox/bentazon resulted in unacceptable (14-23%) pea visible injury. Herbicide impacts on pea yield were minor overall. Carfentrazone + sulfentrazone PP and saflufenacil PP followed by imazamox/bentazon POST resulted in ≥80% visible control of kochia in all environments, while POST imazamox/bentazon alone resulted in ≥80% reduction in kochia biomass in all environments compared with the untreated control (albeit absent of statistical difference in Coalhurst 2014). These results suggest that layering the protoporhyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides saflufenacil or carfentrazone + sulfentrazone PP with the ALS- and photosystem II-inhibiting herbicide combination imazamox/bentazon POST can effectively control glyphosate- and ALS inhibitor-resistant kochia in field pea while also mitigating further selection for herbicide resistance through the use of multiple effective herbicide modes-of-action.

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Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in field pea

Torbiak¹,

Blackshaw

Brandt

et al. 2022

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Therefore, increased wheat seeding rates should be considered one tool to be implemented as part of a larger and more-comprehensive integrated weed management program. Short (1-2 year) longevity of kochia seed in the soil seedbank [8,48], and large reductions in kochia fecundity in response to plant interference [1,33], represent weak points in the kochia life cycle that should be exploited as targets for effective management. Timing management to target the kochia critical period for weed seed control [31], destruction or control of viable seeds at crop harvest [49], and implementing postharvest management to prevent kochia regrowth [50], will further mitigate seedbank replenishment and therefore kochia establishment in subsequent crops.…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Geddes

Kimmins

2021

Agronomy

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Dose-response experiments for confirmation of herbicide-resistant weeds are almost always conducted using weed monocultures, thereby ignoring the interaction of interspecific plant interference with herbicide efficacy. Controlled-environment dose-response bioassays were conducted using three kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] populations with four spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) densities (0, 200, 400, and 600 plants m−2) to determine how increasing intensity of interspecific plant interference altered the fluroxypyr dose-response relationship of resistant and susceptible kochia. The resistant population exhibited 10.8-, 15.0-, 7.0-, and 8.1-fold resistance to fluroxypyr in the absence of crop interference based on plant survival, biomass fresh weight, and visible control at two and four weeks after application, respectively. Increased wheat densities suppressed fluroxypyr-resistant kochia the greatest, resulting in a linear reduction in the fluroxypyr rate causing 50% plant mortality (LD50) and visible control (ED50) for the resistant but not the susceptible populations. This reduced the expression of fluroxypyr resistance based on kochia plant survival (from 10.8- to 4.3-fold resistance) and visible control (from 8.1- to 4.6-fold resistance) as wheat density increased from 0 to 600 plants m−2. Therefore, enhanced interspecific plant interference caused by increased wheat densities altered but did not repress the expression of fluroxypyr resistance in kochia.

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“…Following seed dispersal, volunteer canola can enter secondary seed dormancy (Gulden et al, 2003) and persist throughout crop rotations (Beckie and Warwick, 2010). While the persistence of volunteer canola in the soil seedbank depends upon environmental and edaphic factors (Geddes, 2021), timely soil disturbance can contribute to a reduction of volunteer canola populations prior to soybean production (Geddes and Gulden, 2017). However, limitation of volunteer canola seed production in crops grown subsequent to canola is imperative to limiting persistence of this weed (Geddes and Gulden, 2018;Geddes and Gulden, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the resource-ratio (R*) hypothesis for weed management in legume crops: An example of volunteer Brassica napus in soybean

Geddes¹,

Gulden²

2022

Front. Agron.

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Poor competitive ability and sensitivity to many herbicides create challenges for weed management in legume production. The resource-ratio (R*) hypothesis may provide insight into how to manipulate the competitive balance between nitrogen (N)-fixing legume crops and non-leguminous weed species. A field study was conducted to test whether the level of soil mineral N affected yield loss of an annual legume crop, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], in the presence of four different populations of an interfering non-leguminous weed, volunteer canola (Brassica napus L.), compared with a weed-free control. The experiment consisted of banding five rates of urea fertilizer (0–180 kg N ha-1) prior to seeding soybean and volunteer canola, and was repeated in three environments in Manitoba, Canada. Soybean yield remained unaffected by N rate in the absence of volunteer canola. Interference from the volunteer canola populations caused a linear decline in soybean yield by 2.6 kg ha-1 for every 1 kg ha-1 increase in soil mineral N. In the presence of volunteer canola, soybean yield decreased by 17% from the lowest to the highest soil mineral N. In the lowest-N conditions (30 kg residual-N ha-1), soybean yield was greatest (3,350 kg ha-1) and volunteer canola seed production and aboveground biomass were lowest (decline in canola seed production by 19%, 50%, and 74% of the maximum seed production in the 2015i, 2015ii, and 2016 environments, respectively). Therefore, growing legume crops like soybean on fields with lower soil mineral N may reduce interference from unmanaged non-leguminous weeds. As N fertilization intensifies interference of many weed species, tailoring weed management in legume crops around their capacity for N-fixation could provide the crop with a competitive advantage, thereby minimizing the impact of weed interference on legume crop yield.

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Burial Environment Drives Seed Mortality of Kochia (Bassia scoparia), Wild Oat (Avena fatua), and Volunteer Canola (Brassica napus) Irrespective of Crop Species

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in field pea

Glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) control in field pea

Wheat Density Alters but Does Not Repress the Expression of a Fluroxypyr-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia) Phenotype

Exploiting the resource-ratio (R*) hypothesis for weed management in legume crops: An example of volunteer Brassica napus in soybean

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