Burning characteristics of selected substances: production of heat, smoke and chemical species

Hietaniemi, Jukka; Kallonen, Raija; Mikkola, Esko

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1018(199907/08)23:4<171::aid-fam680>3.0.co;2-c

Cited by 72 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Because of its open design, the effluents may continue to oxidize with the surrounding air of the laboratory when they emerge from the enclosure, ultimately leading to well ventilated combustion [28]. To reduce this post-oxidation phenomenon outside the test enclosure, a 0.6 m high chimney is mounted on top of the conical heater.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus: Open Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Marquis¹,

Guillaume²,

Camillo³

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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The reaction-to-fire of materials is commonly studied with bench scale experiments conducted under controlled test conditions. Two bench-scale instruments commonly used for this purpose are the cone calorimeter and the fire propagation apparatus. Research performed with these test apparatuses on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials has demonstrated the significant effect on the results of test variables such as pressure, irradiance, flow velocity, etc. In spite of the fairly large number of studies, little is known concerning the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of polymeric materials. Recent work in a controlled oxygen environment raises the question of interpretation and accuracy of the results. This paper reports the results of a study to evaluate the effect of oxygen vitiation and reduced ventilation on the burning behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter. The study was performed on a typical thermoplastic material, i.e., a black poly(methyl)methacrylate. The dependence of the results on the experimental fire conditions is presented and discussed. The experiments show that the inlet airflow rate is a major factor to consider when studying the burning behaviour of polymeric materials in an enclosure. It strongly affects the available amount of oxygen that can react and may lead to a misinterpretation of the results when the effects of oxygen are studied.

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Section: Experimental Apparatus: Open Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This chimney also prevents backflow of ambient air and ensures the cooling of the gas flow. Several investigators have adopted the HIETANIEMI' approach [28] to limit the post oxidation phenomenon, using different chimney lengths and materials [21][22][23].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus: Open Controlled Atmosphere Cone Calomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Marquis¹,

Guillaume²,

Camillo³

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…The analysis from the CACC results has shown that below 10% O 2 mass fraction, the decomposition rate and species production are reduced by half compared with ambient level, and oxidation of the solid phase can be neglected in these conditions. From these observations, the experimental measurement of the oxygen concentration can be reduced over a wider range [5–23%].…”

Section: Optimization Of the Experimental Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience plan for controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter by Doehlert method

2012

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Controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter is an interesting test method to study at the same time the effect of oxygen concentration and radiant heat flux on materials' fire behaviour and gas release. However, measurements in an extended range for these two variables can be tedious. To optimize the experimental measurement, this paper proposes a methodology based on the Doehlert design. The Doehlert method allows significant optimization of the number of tests. The optimization of measurement response is then accomplished using polynomial approximations to establish fire behaviour constitutive. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Statistics showed that smoke and toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, are the most fatal hazard to the people in fires [1][2][3]. Therefore, when a fire occurs, it is very important to stop the smoke and toxic gases from spreading by natural or mechanical exhaust systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on influence of smoke venting velocity and vent height on mechanical smoke exhaust efficiency

Wang

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Abstract:A set of burning experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of smoke vent height and exhausting velocity on mechanical smoke exhausting efficiency.Results have shown that the smoke exhausting process becomes more efficient due to the increased smoke vent height and the decreased exhausting velocity, which eliminate the plug-holing issue with fewer disturbances on the smoke layer interface.For each certain exhausting velocity, there is a critical value of distance between the vent and the bottom of the smoke layer. When the distance is less than the critical value, the smoke exhausting is inefficient, and the efficiency decreases sharply as the distance decreases. Contrarily, when the distance is greater than the critical value, a good efficiency can be acquired and the exhausted smoke increased relatively slowly as the distance increases. A critical Froude number, proposed by Hinkley to predict the onset of plug-holing effect in gravity venting systems, was validated in the experiments. However, the experimental results indicate that in the tests without the plug-holing, the fresh air entrained due to smoke exhausting is up to 48% of the mechanical exhausting rate.

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Burning characteristics of selected substances: production of heat, smoke and chemical species

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Effects of oxygen availability on the combustion behaviour of materials in a controlled atmosphere cone calorimeter

Experience plan for controlled‐atmosphere cone calorimeter by Doehlert method

Experimental investigation on influence of smoke venting velocity and vent height on mechanical smoke exhaust efficiency

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