Burning of large-scale vertical surfaces

Orloff, L.; Modak, Ashok T.; Alpert, Ronald L.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(77)80420-7

Cited by 57 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The bulk of the subsequent analyses in this paper utilize averaged flame spread rates, but accelerative effects are examined and noted. In addition to the transient flame spread rate, the mass loss rate per unit area has been found to decrease as the pyrolysis zone advances [7,28]. …”

Section: Previous Research On Upward Flame Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Upward flame spread over discrete fuels

Miller

Gollner

2015

Fire Safety Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Upward flame spread over discrete fuels has been analyzed through experimental research on vertical arrays of alternating lengths of PMMA and insulation. By manipulating the lengths of the PMMA fuel and the insulation, several important trends related to flame spread were identified and assessed.The peak flame spread rate for arrays with 4 cm lengths of PMMA occurred at a fuel percentage of 67%; for arrays with 8 cm PMMA, a peak flame spread rate occurred at fuel percentages of 67%, 80%, and 89%. It has been hypothesized that increased air entrainment at these fuel percentages maximizes the flame spread rate.Based on observed trends, this study proposed a method for approximation of the fuel spread rate at various fuel percentages. Given reasonable estimates for the homogeneous flame spread rate and the lowest fuel percentage that sustains spread, an estimation for intermediate spread rate values is feasible.

show abstract

Section: Previous Research On Upward Flame Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been conducted on flame spread over PMMA, and upward flame spread over PMMA has been fairly well documented [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introduction To the Flame Spread Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward flame spread over discrete fuels

Miller

Gollner

2015

Fire Safety Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The FPI value of PMMA (23) suggest rapid propagation that is confirmed by the data from the large-scale parallel tests [9,21] and many large-scale vertical wall fires [26,27,28,29]. The FPI value for POM is 13 for which fire propagation was observed to be rapid.…”

Section: Pvcmentioning

confidence: 75%

Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Marlair¹,

Tewarson²

2003

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Seventh International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fire behavior of four aliphatic and two aromatic C, H, O, N, S, and Cl atom containing polymers has been examined. Experiments were performed in three ASTM E 2058 Fire Propagation Apparatuses. The differences in the ignition behavior of polymers were found to be mainly due to differences in the ignition temperature. Chemical effects appear to contribute about 25 % towards the ignition resistance of the polymers. For thermoplastics, formation of polymer melt and its burning as a pool fire was found to increase the fire intensity by factors of two to four. The combustion efficiency and generation efficiency of CO 2 were found to decrease and the generation efficiencies of CO and smoke were found to increase by changes in the generic nature of the polymers (aliphatic to aromatic to halogenated). About four times as much carbon atoms in the polymers converted to smoke than converted to CO. Large-scale fire propagation behavior of polymers was characterized by a Fire Propagation Index (FPI). The FPI values of melting type thermoplastics (showing rapid-fire propagation behavior) were high, whereas they were low for the engineered charring type and halogenated polymers (showing either slow or decelerating fire propagation behavior).

show abstract

“…The local mass loss (or burning) rate, ṁ" f , of a vertical wall is, in particular, an important variable in many fire-related problems, such as flame spread on a wall, fire growth, and energy-release rates within an enclosure fire, and the spread of smoke and hot gas plumes. For prediction of upward flame spread on a vertical wall, the flame height must be calculated, which depends on the total energy release rate; that, in turn, is directly influenced by the local mass-loss rate integrated over the entire pyrolyzing area of the wall [2][3] . While knowledge of these integrated mass-loss rates are relatively well known, knowledge of mass-burning rates at incremental locations along a fuel surface are not well known because experimental techniques to measure such rates are extremely limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Singh

Gollner

2016

JoVE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modeling the realistic burning behavior of condensed-phase fuels has remained out of reach, in part because of an inability to resolve the complex interactions occurring at the interface between gas-phase flames and condensed-phase fuels. The current research provides a technique to explore the dynamic relationship between a combustible condensed fuel surface and gas-phase flames in laminar boundary layers. Experiments have previously been conducted in both forced and free convective environments over both solid and liquid fuels. A unique methodology, based on the Reynolds Analogy, was used to estimate local mass burning rates and flame heat fluxes for these laminar boundary layer diffusion flames utilizing local temperature gradients at the fuel surface. Local mass burning rates and convective and radiative heat feedback from the flames were measured in both the pyrolysis and plume regions by using temperature gradients mapped near the wall by a two-axis traverse system. These experiments are time-consuming and can be challenging to design as the condensed fuel surface burns steadily for only a limited period of time following ignition. The temperature profiles near the fuel surface need to be mapped during steady burning of a condensed fuel surface at a very high spatial resolution in order to capture reasonable estimates of local temperature gradients. Careful corrections for radiative heat losses from the thermocouples are also essential for accurate measurements. For these reasons, the whole experimental setup needs to be automated with a computer-controlled traverse mechanism, eliminating most errors due to positioning of a microthermocouple. An outline of steps to reproducibly capture near-wall temperature gradients and use them to assess local burning rates and heat fluxes is provided.

show abstract

Burning of large-scale vertical surfaces

Cited by 57 publications

References 1 publication

Upward flame spread over discrete fuels

Upward flame spread over discrete fuels

Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About