Business prospects of wide-scale deployment of free space optical technology as a last-mile solution: a techno-economic evaluation

Rokkas, Theodoros; Kamalakis, Thomas; Katsianis, Dimitris; Varoutas, Dimitris; Sphicopoulos, T.

doi:10.1364/jon.6.000860

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…We study different parameters for the duct availability (from 50% to 100%) to evaluate the cost of the two solutions. We highlight that [7] suggests that for certain areas in the UK there is a probability of 70%-80% of finding enough duct space in a given link. Let us start with a scenario where fibre-cable is the only cost of the solution (i.e., 100% duct availability).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Comparing tree and chain topologies for designing resilient backhaul access network

Arbeláez

Mehta

O’Sullivan

et al. 2016

2016 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)

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Long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs) have been proposed as an economically viable solution for FTTH network architectures. The longer reach allows it to bypass local-exchange (LE) sites. This results in the elimination of the processing of electronic traffic at the metro nodes and the need for a dedicated metro network. Consequently the functionalities of metro and core nodes are merged into metro-core (MC) nodes. An MC node is connected to tens of thousands of end-users via local exchange (LE) sites. Thus any cable cuts or MC node failures can affect tens of thousands of customers. Therefore, each LR-PON is connected to two MC nodes. In this paper we compare two topologies, tree and chain, to interconnect MC nodes and LEs. The tree topology uses cable splicing and allows cable sharing to reduce the cost. In the chain topology a set of exchangesites are part of a chain whose end-points are two MC nodes. We study these topologies by modelling each one of them as a combinatorial optimisation problem, and present our findings by analysing national networks for the UK and Italy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In [7] the authors indicate that in many European countries the duct availability rate per link is about 70%. However, unoccupied duct space might not be usable due to several factors, e.g., unavailability in the middle of the sector, deployment rules, etc.…”

Section: Discus Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing tree and chain topologies for designing resilient backhaul access network

Arbeláez

Mehta

O’Sullivan

et al. 2016

2016 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)

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“…The TE methodology adopted for the evaluation of OMEGA technology is based on the TE tool developed within the IST-TONIC and the CELTIC/ECOSYS [10] European projects. The tool has been used for the evaluation of both wireless [11][12] or wired scenarios [13], in several case studies. A study period is first identified, best adapted to the case at hand.…”

Section: Reference Architecture Model and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…discount rate, tax rate) the TE tool can calculate outputs such as cash flows, Net Present Values and other economic figures of merit. Detailed overviews of the methodology can be found in the aforementioned references [11][12][13].…”

Section: Reference Architecture Model and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial techno-economic results for OMEGA home Gigabit networks

Fokas

Katsianis

Varoutas

et al. 2010

21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

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The media richness of the services available to the end consumer has had a constant increase rate over the last century. This leads nowadays to the need of Ultra Broadband at home to handle future services such as 3D video that may reach the Gigabit per second. Moreover, beyond the bandwidth increase, the home network capabilities have to evolve in order to support new usages and to guarantee Quality of Service. This paper describes state of the art issues and typical requirements for the future home network and presents a solution fulfilling these requirements, based on an inter-MAC convergence layer. This solution is developed in the OMEGA FP7 project. It then provides initial results of a techno-economic analysis that studies the case of a hypothetical OMEGA Service Operator (OSO).

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“…The renewed interest in terrestrial Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications is largely due to a license-free operation, a point-topoint and line-of-sight (LOS) high data-rate transmission capability over long link distances, a low deployment cost and power efficient management characteristics [1]. Moreover, the availability of commercial FSO links offer cost effective full-duplex 1.25 Gbit/s Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) over 500 m link compared with the fibre-based solutions [2,3], hence offering an alternative complementary technology to the radio based links for the last-mile access. However, the weather and atmospheric conditions can instigate a high outage probability on the FSO link, thus limiting the link range and availability due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Ethernet FSO Link Performance Under the Fog Controlled Environment

Rajbhandari

Pérez

Minh

et al. 2011

37th European Conference and Exposition on Optical Communications

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Abstract:A fast Ethernet 100BASE-TX FSO link performance is evaluated within a dedicated indoor atmospheric chamber performing BER of <10 -6 under thick fog controlled condition corresponding to an outdoor visibility range higher than 70 m. IntroductionOver the last decade, a number of bandwidth hungry applications and services have appeared, e.g., HD streaming, mobile broadband and online gaming. To address this high bandwidth demand, ubiquitous and high data-rate access technologies have emerged based on a range of wireless, fibre and optical-wireless technologies. The renewed interest in terrestrial Free-Space Optical (FSO) communications is largely due to a license-free operation, a point-topoint and line-of-sight (LOS) high data-rate transmission capability over long link distances, a low deployment cost and power efficient management characteristics [1]. Moreover, the availability of commercial FSO links offer cost effective full-duplex 1.25 Gbit/s Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) over 500 m link compared with the fibre-based solutions [2,3], hence offering an alternative complementary technology to the radio based links for the last-mile access. However, the weather and atmospheric conditions can instigate a high outage probability on the FSO link, thus limiting the link range and availability due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Amongst many atmospheric constituents, fog is the biggest contributor to the optical attenuation (480 dB/km attenuation in dense maritime fog). This is due to the Mie scattering of the optical beam, which reduces the link visibility particularly near the ground and consequently degrades the link performance [4].In many cases, depending on the location, environment, etc. assessing the FSO link performance in a real foggy condition may take a very long time and will depend on when fog is present and how long it will last. Thus the need for an indoor fog test bed where measurement could readily be carried under controlled environment. In [5] replication of the atmospheric phenomenon under controlled environments has been analyzed. It is shown that the resemblance of the outdoor conditions depends on the index of refraction structure constant C n 2 whereas the link margin is related to the scintillation and attenuation. This paper analyzes the performance of a real fast Ethernet (100BASE-TX 100Mbit/s LAN) FSO link under controlled fog conditions. The experiment is carried out using a dedicated indoor atmospheric chamber capable of replicating turbulence and fog. In this paper, the chamber performance is experimentally evaluated for the on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ), OOK return-to-zero (OOK-RZ) and four pulse position modulation (4-PPM) formats. Then the complete evaluation of the FSO fast Ethernet and Ethernet 10BASE-T link, based on OOK-NRZ signalling with 4B5B coding, over a 12 m link range under controlled fog environment is carried out.

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Business prospects of wide-scale deployment of free space optical technology as a last-mile solution: a techno-economic evaluation

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Comparing tree and chain topologies for designing resilient backhaul access network

Comparing tree and chain topologies for designing resilient backhaul access network

Initial techno-economic results for OMEGA home Gigabit networks

A Fast Ethernet FSO Link Performance Under the Fog Controlled Environment

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