Butyrate induces cell apoptosis through activation of JNK MAP kinase pathway in human colon cancer RKO cells

Zhou, Liang; Bao, Yong; Wu, Yin; Yu, Chun; Huang, Yan; Sun, Yu; Li, Zheng; Li, Yu Xin

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.035

Cited by 115 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…RKO cells were treated with 0, 2.5 and 5 µg/ml alantolactone. The experiment was performed as described previously (24). Analyses were performed in triplicate and a minimum of 100 cells/field and at least four fields in each well were counted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alantolactone induces apoptosis in RKO cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial pathway

Zhang

Bao

Wu³

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Alantolactone, a methanol extract of Inula helenium, possesses anticancer properties in a number of cancer cell lines. However, its anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of alantolactone on cell viability and apoptosis in RKO human colon cancer cells were investigated. Alantolactone treatment of RKO cells was found to result in dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis, accompanied with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, these effects were blocked with N-acetylcysteine, a specific ROS inhibitor. Western blotting indicated that exposure of RKO cells to alantolactone is associated with the downregulation of Bcl-2, induction of Bax and activation of caspase-3 and -9. These results indicated that a ROS-mediated mitochondria-dependent pathway is involved in alantolactone-induced apoptosis. From these observations, it was hypothesized that alantolactone may be used for the treatment of human colon cancer.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following alantolactone treatment for 24 h, the cells were harvested and treated with lysis buffer (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology). Western blotting was performed as described previously (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alantolactone induces apoptosis in RKO cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial pathway

Zhang

Bao

Wu³

et al. 2013

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…72 Cell death is characterized by apoptotic morphology, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, internucleosome degradation of DNA, and apoptotic body formation. 70,73 Following treatment with GO and Gb-rGO for 24 hours, the morphological features of apoptosis, condensation of chromatin, and fragmentation of the nucleus were examined. Use of the TUNEL assay further confirmed the induction of apoptosis by GO in cancer cells.…”

Section: Cytocompatibility Of Gb-rgomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginkgo biloba: a natural reducing agent for the synthesis of cytocompatible graphene

Gurunathan¹,

Jw²,

Jh³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Background Graphene is a novel two-dimensional planar nanocomposite material consisting of rings of carbon atoms with a hexagonal lattice structure. Graphene exhibits unique physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, elasticity, and cytocompatible properties that lead to many potential biomedical applications. Nevertheless, the water-insoluble property of graphene restricts its application in various aspects of biomedical fields. Therefore, the objective of this work was to find a novel biological approach for an efficient method to synthesize water-soluble and cytocompatible graphene using Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. In addition, we investigated the biocompatibility effects of graphene in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Materials and methods Synthesized graphene oxide (GO) and GbE-reduced GO (Gb-rGO) were characterized using various sequences of techniques: ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. Biocompatibility of GO and Gb-rGO was assessed in human breast cancer cells using a series of assays, including cell viability, apoptosis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results The successful synthesis of graphene was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR. DLS analysis was performed to determine the average size of GO and Gb-rGO. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the crystalline nature of graphene. SEM was used to investigate the surface morphologies of GO and Gb-rGO. AFM was employed to investigate the morphologies of prepared graphene and the height profile of GO and Gb-rGO. The formation of defects in Gb-rGO was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the prepared GO and Gb-rGO was investigated using a water-soluble tetrazolium 8 assay on human breast cancer cells. GO exhibited a dose-dependent toxicity, whereas Gb-rGO-treated cells showed significant biocompatibility and increased ALP activity compared to GO. Conclusion In this work, a nontoxic natural reducing agent of GbE was used to prepare soluble graphene. The as-prepared Gb-rGO showed significant biocompatibility with human cancer cells. This simple, cost-effective, and green procedure offers an alternative route for large-scale production of rGO, and could be used for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, and molecular imaging.

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“…These effects may culminate in the promotion of apoptosis and hence the degradation of the epithelial barrier. Indeed, butyrate can directly stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation (Aoyama et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010), both events which are hallmarks of the healing and restoration of normal function following an immunological insult. The ability to reduce or modulate the severity of the immune response is critical to our understanding of how sub-acute inflammatory conditions such as SARA exert their negative effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butyrate-Mediated Genomic Changes Involved in Non-Specific Host Defenses, Matrix Remodeling and the Immune Response in the Rumen Epithelium of Cows Afflicted With Subacute Ruminal Acidosis

Dionissopoulos

Laarman

AlZahal

et al. 2013

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA) is a disorder in cattle which can lead to chronic inflammation in the rumen epithelium, known as rumenitis. Butyrate has been shown to attenuate some of the detrimental effects of inflammatory gastroenteral disorders but the molecular mechanisms mediated by butyrate have not been defined. The objective of this study was to define the inflammatory-related genomic changes responsible for the beneficial effects of butyrate. Experimentally, 16 fistulated dairy cows at mid-lactation were fed a SARA-inducing (45% non-fiber carbohydrate) diet beginning 2 days before the beginning of treatment and continuing throughout the experiment. Cows were then evenly divided into treatment groups where a carrier with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) supplemental butyrate (2.5% initial DM intake) was deposited into the rumen daily for 7 days. The minimum rumen pH was higher in cows with supplemental butyrate (4.96±0.09 to 5.20±0.05, p = 0.040), but mean pH, maximum pH and the duration for which rumen pH was below 5.6 was unaffected. Free plasma Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration was unaffected by treatment as was the concentration of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), although the LPS Binding Protein (LBP) concentration was increased by the addition of butyrate to the rumen (6.91±0.29 to 7.93±0.29 µg mL −1 , p = 0.024). Of the rumen Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) tested, only butyrate showed a pronounced treatment effect, rising from 8.60±0.94 to 21.60±0.94 mM (p≤0.0001). Plasma Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration also increased (799.50±265.24 to 3261.63±265.24 µM, p≤0.001). Butyrate infusion did not affect milk parameters (total fat, lactose, total protein and LOS); however, when related to dry matter intake, milk production efficiency was increased (p = 0.035). Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses of rumen papillae biopsies collected on day 7 found that butyrate administration affected (p≤0.05) the expression of genes involved in Non-Specific Host Defense (NSHD), Remodeling or adaptation (RM) and Immune Response (IR). Of the 49 genes tested by qRT-PCR, 9 (LCN2, MMP1, MUC16, GPX2, CSTA, FUT1, SERPINE2, BCAM, RAC3) were upregulated, 20 (MTOR, AKIRIN2, NFKBIZ, NFKB2, ACVR2A, LAMB1, FRS2, PPARD, LBP, NEDD4L, SGK1, DEDD2, MAP3K8, PARD6B, PLIN2, ADA, HPGD, FMO5, BMP6, TCHH) were downregulated and 20 were unchanged due to butyrate administration in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. AJAVSThese results demonstrate the potential protective effect and molecular mechanisms involved in a novel butyrate treatment for inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions.

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Butyrate induces cell apoptosis through activation of JNK MAP kinase pathway in human colon cancer RKO cells

Cited by 115 publications

References 57 publications

Alantolactone induces apoptosis in RKO cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial pathway

Alantolactone induces apoptosis in RKO cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the mitochondrial pathway

Ginkgo biloba: a natural reducing agent for the synthesis of cytocompatible graphene

Butyrate-Mediated Genomic Changes Involved in Non-Specific Host Defenses, Matrix Remodeling and the Immune Response in the Rumen Epithelium of Cows Afflicted With Subacute Ruminal Acidosis

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