“…As for non-listed companies, they are often subject to local standards somehow different from the IFRS/IAS standards. Indeed, this can be related to some difficulties linked to tax legislations or other technical problems related to the fair value for example and the use of the standards themselves which are perceived by certain as too complex (Alp & Ustundag, 2009;Cavlak & Ataman, 2017) Thus, like many countries in the world, French-speaking Sub-Saharan African countries have, rather late unlike their neighboring English-speaking countries, adopted the IFRS for their listed companies (Degos, Levant, & Touron, 2019). Turkey, however, have adopted the IFRS/IAS for its companies listed on the Istanbul stock exchange way earlier than the OHADA (Organization for the Harmonization of African Business Law; a French acronym) countries.…”