By the content of their character? Discrimination, social identity, and observed distributions of income

Santos, Paulo L. dos; Wiener, Noe

doi:10.1080/0022250x.2019.1630832

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Admittedly, our approach has little to say regarding the functioning of the underlying systems generating the distributions in question. dos Santos and Wiener [ 54 ] make a compelling argument regarding the careful consideration researchers must give to the construction of the domains over which they are defining distributions. Our approach effectively assumes that the FGS are the domain supporting distributions of “units of mass”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Entropy-Based Approach to Measuring Diet Adherence

Huffman,

Ortega-Avila,

Nájera

2023

Entropy

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The aim of this study is to put forward an approach designed to calculate and sum up discrepancies between the actual food acquisition or intake and any standard or norm. Based on secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Mexican National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure, our proposed method to produce classes of entropy-based Diet Adherence Indices generates a Food Basket Adherence Index (FBAI) for Mexico City (2129 households). Findings suggest that it is possible to measure and decompose diet adherence using a cross entropy measure. Using food expenditure data and a normative food basket for Mexico City results, we show households’ deviations from the suggested norm for different food groups. The average FBAI was 0.44, far above the minimum score of 0 which would indicate full adherence to the normative food basket. Our measure has a distribution wide enough to detect meaningful changes and distinguish between groups with known differences, providing important new insights on the linkages between home food environments and income distribution, and food insecurity and household distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Entropy-Based Approach to Measuring Diet Adherence

Huffman,

Ortega-Avila,

Nájera

2023

Entropy

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“…The complexity of the relationships involved create unsurmountable problems for statistical tests for discrimination in economic outcomes based on estimation of linear regression models [ 1 ]. Those tests effectively consider a joint hypothesis: The presence of an independent influence of identity on income and the specification of the model of the determination of wage income being used.…”

Section: Application To Income and Social Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable variation in the distributions of income across sub-populations defined by

and

. While a full account of those differences and their implications for our understanding of economic discrimination is provided elsewhere, [ 1 ] two persistent patterns in the data clearly stand out.…”

Section: Application To Income and Social Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the pooled ACS data from 2007-2011, but refer to it as the 2010 census for simplicity. For full details of the construction of the variables reported above, see [ 1 ]. The census data sets used in this study are 1% or 5% samples of the national population.…”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To illustrate the distinctive usefulness of the indices it develops, the paper briefly reports on their recent application to analysis of the observable economic effects of patterns of discrimination by social identity on distributions of individual income in the U.S. economy [ 1 ]. This application is shown to improve on extant statistical tests for the presence of economic effects of discrimination; elicits a discussion on how the indices the paper develops relate and contribute to the use of entropy-based measures of income inequality [ 2 ]; and results in innovative instruments and diagnostics for the presence of “equality of opportunity,” as understood by political and economic philosophers [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indices of Informational Association and Analysis of Complex Socio-Economic Systems

Santos

Wiener²

2019

Entropy

Self Cite

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This paper is motivated by a distinctive appreciation of the difficulties posed by quantitative observational inquiry into complex social and economic systems. It develops ordinary and piecewise indices of joint and incremental informational association that enable robust approaches to a common problem in social inquiry: grappling with associations between a quantity of interest and two distinct sets of co-variates taking values over large numbers of individuals. The distinct analytical usefulness of these indices is illustrated with their application to inquiry into the systemic economic effects of patterns of discrimination by social identity in the U.S. economy.

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The historical evolution of the cost of social reproduction in the United States, 1959–2012

Moos

2019

Review of Social Economy

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By the content of their character? Discrimination, social identity, and observed distributions of income

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

An Entropy-Based Approach to Measuring Diet Adherence

An Entropy-Based Approach to Measuring Diet Adherence

Indices of Informational Association and Analysis of Complex Socio-Economic Systems

The historical evolution of the cost of social reproduction in the United States, 1959–2012

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