BYHWD rescues axotomized neurons and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

Chen, An; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Jianwei; Wu, Xiaoqiong; Liao, Jun; Li, Hua; Cai, Wei-Jun; Luo, Xi; Ju, Gong

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.029

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Some spinal cord injury research on the impact of spinal cord injury focused on the degeneration and regeneration of the red nucleus neurons and rubrospinal axons (Guízar-Sahagún et al 2005;Harvey et al 2005;Cao et al 2008;Chen et al 2008;Jefferson et al 2011). This indicates that it would be valuable to have a more detailed map of the organization of the red nucleus in rodents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The red nucleus and the rubrospinal projection in the mouse

2011

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We studied the organization and spinal projection of the mouse red nucleus with a range of techniques (Nissl stain, immunofluorescence, retrograde tracer injections into the spinal cord, anterograde tracer injections into the red nucleus, and in situ hybridization) and counted the number of neurons in the red nucleus (3,200.9 ± 230.8). We found that the rubrospinal neurons were mainly located in the parvicellular region of the red nucleus, more lateral in the rostral part and more medial in the caudal part. Labeled neurons were least common in the rostral and caudal most parts of the red nucleus. Neurons projecting to the cervical cord were predominantly dorsomedially placed and neurons projecting to the lumbar cord were predominantly ventrolaterally placed. Immunofluorescence staining with SMI-32 antibody showed that ~60% of SMI-32-positive neurons were cervical cord-projecting neurons and 24% were lumbar cord-projecting neurons. SMI-32-positive neurons were mainly located in the caudomedial part of the red nucleus. A study of vGluT2 expression showed that the number and location of glutamatergic neurons matched with those of the rubrospinal neurons. In the anterograde tracing experiments, rubrospinal fibers travelled in the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus, between the lateral spinal nucleus and the calretinin-positive fibers of the lateral funiculus. Rubrospinal fibers terminated in contralateral laminae 5, 6, and the dorsal part of lamina 7 at all spinal cord levels. A few fibers could be seen next to the neurons in the dorsolateral part of lamina 9 at levels of C8-T1 (hand motor neurons) and L5-L6 (foot motor neurons), which is consistent with a view that rubrospinal fibers may play a role in distal limb movement in rodents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The red nucleus and the rubrospinal projection in the mouse

2011

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“…BYNWD (Guangdong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China) is composed of Radix Astragali (Gansu, China), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Gansu, China), Radix Paeonia Rubra (Sichuan, China), Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Sichuan, China), Semen Persicae (Hebei, China), Flos Carthami (Sichuan, China) and Lumbricus (Guangxi, China). The components were mixed with a ratio of 120:6:4.5:3:3:3:3 (dry weight) (17). To maintain the consistency of the herbal chemical ingredients, all the herbal components were originally obtained from the standard naive sources as stated above with good agriculture practice grade and the drugs were extracted with standard methods according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (China Pharmacopoeia and Committee, 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buyang Huanwu decoction increases the expression of glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate synthetase in association with PACAP-38 following focal ischemia

Ding

Liu

et al. 2015

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. The neuroprotective role of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in focal ischemia is associated with decreasing glutamate concentration. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore whether glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) participated in the decreased level of glutamate and whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) was involved in this process. BYHWD was found to significantly upregulate the expression of GLT-1 and GS in the hippocampal CA1 area compared to the ischemia group, with the difference on day 3 being most significant. BYHWD increased the level of PACAP-38, and PACAP-(6-38) (PACAP receptor antagonist) significantly attenuated the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS, suggesting that PACAP-38 was involved in the upregulation of GLT-1 and GS induced by BYHWD. In addition, as GLT-1 and GS are mainly located in astrocytes, the changes of astrocytes were detected by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; an astrocytic marker) immunostaining. The results showed that BYHWD inhibited the expression of GFAP compared with the ischemia group, however, co-administration with PACAP-(6-38), which inhibited the effect of BYHWD on GLT-1 and GS in astrocytes, attenuated this effect, indicating that astrocytes participated in the protective role of BYHWD following focal ischemia. These results provided the evidence for the first time that not only neurons but also astrocytes contribute to the protective role of BYHWD, which opposes previous studies and may be a starting point for traditional medicine.

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“…The decoction is composed of Radix Astragali (Gansu, China), Radix Angelicae sinensis (Gansu, China), Radix Paeonia Rubra (Sichuan, China), Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Sichuan, China), Semen Persicae (Hebei, China), Flos Carthami (Sichuan, China) and Lumbricus (Guangxi, China). These herbs were mixed at proportions of 120:6:4.5:3:3:3:3 (20). The components were immersed in distilled water, decocted twice (each time for 30 min), and then the filtered liquid was condensed into the crude drug concentration of 2 g/ml.…”

Section: Preparation Of Byhwd-cs Byhwd Was Obtained Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of glutamate metabolism by BYHWD in cultured astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in part depends on the activation of p38 MAPK

Guan

Zhou

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Recent studies have demonstrated that Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) decreased glutamate levels subsequent to cerebral ischemia. Glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS), which are located in astrocytes, mainly contribute to glutamate transportation, thus reducing glutamate concentration. BYHWD has previously been demonstrated to upregulate GLT-1 and GS following ischemia in vivo. However, whether BYHWD can directly influence astrocytic GLT-1/GS levels remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of BYHWD containing serum (BYHWD-CS) on GLT-1/GS levels in astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was investigated. The results revealed that BYHWD-CS enhanced the expression levels of GLT-1 and GS in cultured astrocytes, which reduced glutamate concentration in the culture medium. Meanwhile, increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was phosphorylated (activation form) by BYHWD-CS in cultured astrocytes, and the specific p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the increase of GLT-1/GS accompanied by decreased cell viability. Furthermore, SB203580 suppressed the effect of BYHWD-CS on the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (an astrocytic marker), thus confirming that astrocytes are directly involved in the protective role of BYHWD after OGD/R. These findings suggest that BYHWD upregulates GLT-1 and GS via p38 MAPK activation, and protects cultured astrocytes from death caused by OGD/R (typical in vitro model), which complemented the role of astrocytes in the protective effect of BYHWD.

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BYHWD rescues axotomized neurons and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats

Cited by 41 publications

References 36 publications

The red nucleus and the rubrospinal projection in the mouse

The red nucleus and the rubrospinal projection in the mouse

Buyang Huanwu decoction increases the expression of glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate synthetase in association with PACAP-38 following focal ischemia

Upregulation of glutamate metabolism by BYHWD in cultured astrocytes following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in part depends on the activation of p38 MAPK

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