Objective. Tristetraprolin (TTP), T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1), and Hu antigen R (HuR) are adenine/uridine-rich element binding proteins (ABPs) that affect the production of tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF␣) by binding to TNF messenger RNA (mRNA). TTP promotes deadenylation, TIA-1 inhibits translation, and HuR stabilizes TNF␣ mRNA. The aims of this study were to understand the posttranscriptional control of TNF␣ production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify parameters that may predict the efficacy of anti-TNF␣ therapy.Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 38 patients with RA were obtained before therapy and 2 weeks and 54 weeks after administration of the first dose of infliximab, and from 20 healthy control subjects. TNF␣, TTP, TIA-1, and HuR gene expression levels were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. At baseline, TTP and HuR gene expression levels, as well as the TTP:TNF␣, TTP:HuR, and TIA-1:TNF␣ gene expression ratios were lower in patients with RA than in control subjects, while expression of TNF␣, TIA-1, and TIA-1:HuR was higher in patients with RA. The TTP:HuR expression ratio decreased significantly after administration of infliximab. Positive correlations were observed between TNF␣ and TTP, TNF␣ and TIA-1, TIA-1 and HuR, and TNF␣ and HuR gene expression in both healthy control subjects and patients with RA. At baseline, the TIA-1:HuR ratio tended to be higher in patients who achieved 50% improvement according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR50) at week 54 than in those who did not achieve at least an ACR20 response.Conclusion. Differences in ABP gene expression may affect TNF␣ gene expression. A higher TIA-1:HuR expression ratio might correlate with the response to infliximab therapy.