Cadaverine

Tomar, Pushpa C.; Lakra, Nita; Mishra, Saurabh

doi:10.4161/psb.25850

Cited by 58 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Cadaverine, a diamine like putrescine, is formed via a different route than the other polyamines. Cadaverine is synthesized from the amino acid L-lysine instead of from L-ornithine as for the other polyamines [27]. It is known that in bacteria, cyanobacteria and plants, L-lysine is converted into cadaverine by lysine decarboxylase (cadA), but in mammalian and fungal cells, the cadA gene has not been identified [28].…”

Section: Mammalian Polyamines Synthesis Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular and Physiological Effects of Protein-Derived Polyamines in the Intestine

et al. 2020

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Consumption of a high-protein diet increases protein entry into the colon. Colonic microbiota can ferment proteins, which results in the production of protein fermentation end-products, like polyamines. This review describes the effects of polyamines on biochemical, cellular and physiological processes, with a focus on the colon. Polyamines (mainly spermine, spermidine, putrescine and cadaverine) are involved in the regulation of protein translation and gene transcription. In this, the spermidine-derived hypusination modification of EIF5A plays an important role. In addition, polyamines regulate metabolic functions. Through hypusination of EIF5A, polyamines also regulate translation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby increasing their expression. They can also induce mitophagy through various pathways, which helps to remove damaged organelles and improves cell survival. In addition, polyamines increase mitochondrial substrate oxidation by increasing mitochondrial Ca2+-levels. Putrescine can even serve as an energy source for enterocytes in the small intestine. By regulating the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, polyamines help maintain mitochondrial membrane integrity. However, their catabolism may also reduce metabolic functions by depleting intracellular acetyl-CoA levels, or through production of toxic by-products. Lastly, polyamines support gut physiology, by supporting barrier function, inducing gut maturation and increasing longevity. Polyamines thus play many roles, and their impact is strongly tissue- and dose-dependent. However, whether diet-derived increases in colonic luminal polyamine levels also impact intestinal physiology has not been resolved yet.

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Section: Mammalian Polyamines Synthesis Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular and Physiological Effects of Protein-Derived Polyamines in the Intestine

et al. 2020

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“…In general terms, the levels of Put in plants are higher than those of the other PAs (Cohen, 1998). Cad can also be found in considerable high concentrations even though it seems to be limited to legumes and a few species belonging to other plant families (Tomar et al, 2013). Additionally, PAs may exist in soluble as well as insoluble fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and molecular implications of plant polyamine metabolism during biotic interactions

et al. 2014

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During ontogeny, plants interact with a wide variety of microorganisms. The association with mutualistic microbes results in benefits for the plant. By contrast, pathogens may cause a remarkable impairment of plant growth and development. Both types of plant–microbe interactions provoke notable changes in the polyamine (PA) metabolism of the host and/or the microbe, being each interaction a complex and dynamic process. It has been well documented that the levels of free and conjugated PAs undergo profound changes in plant tissues during the interaction with microorganisms. In general, this is correlated with a precise and coordinated regulation of PA biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Interestingly, some evidence suggests that the relative importance of these metabolic pathways may depend on the nature of the microorganism, a concept that stems from the fact that these amines mediate the activation of plant defense mechanisms. This effect is mediated mostly through PA oxidation, even though part of the response is activated by non-oxidized PAs. In the last years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to profile plant gene expression following microorganism recognition. In addition, the phenotypes of transgenic and mutant plants in PA metabolism genes have been assessed. In this review, we integrate the current knowledge on this field and analyze the possible roles of these amines during the interaction of plants with microbes.

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“…DFMO has been shown to protect plants from pathogenic fungi [14] and larval attacks [15], with no negative effects to the plants [16; 15]. However, the effects of DFMO vary in different organic systems, ranging from inhibition to stimulation of PA levels and plant development, depending on the concentration 4 [17][18][19][20], and the existence of compensatory mechanisms, such as the induction of the arginine decarboxylase (ADC) pathway [21] or an increase in the ODC protein turnover, as ODC is a short-living enzyme in plant cells [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamines may influence phytochelatin synthesis during Cd stress in rice

Pál

Csávás

Szalai

et al. 2017

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Highlights Putrescine pre-treatment increased cadmium toxicity in rice.  In contrast, putrescine synthesis inhibition alleviated cadmium stress.  The synthesis of higher polyamines and phytochelatins is antagonistically related.  Putrescine may decrease phytochelatin synthesis at enzymatic and gene expression levels. Although the metabolism of phytochelatins and higher polyamines are linked with each other, the direct relationship between them under heavy metal stress has not yet been clarified. Two approaches were used to reveal the influence of polyamine content on cadmium stress responses, particularly with regard to phytochelatin synthesis: putrescine pre-treatment of rice 2 plants followed by cadmium stress, and treatment with the putrescine synthesis inhibitor, 2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine combined with cadmium treatment. The results indicated that putrescine pre-treatment enhanced the adverse effect of cadmium, while the application of 2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine reduced it to a certain extent. These differences were associated with increased polyamine content, more intensive polyamine metabolism, but decreased thiol and phytochelatin contents. The gene expression level and enzyme activity of phytochelatin synthase also decreased in rice treated with putrescine prior to cadmium stress, compared to cadmium treatment alone. In contrast, the inhibition of putrescine synthesis during cadmium treatment resulted in higher gene expression level of phytochelatin synthase. The results suggest that polyamines may have a substantial influence on phytochelatin synthesis at several levels under cadmium stress in rice. Abstract

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Cadaverine

Cited by 58 publications

References 153 publications

The Molecular and Physiological Effects of Protein-Derived Polyamines in the Intestine

The Molecular and Physiological Effects of Protein-Derived Polyamines in the Intestine

Physiological and molecular implications of plant polyamine metabolism during biotic interactions

Polyamines may influence phytochelatin synthesis during Cd stress in rice

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