Cadmium accumulation by several seaweeds

Influences of cadmium on fine structure and metabolism of Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) cultivated in vitro

“…This metal is utilized in the manufacture of various products, such as batteries, chipsets, pigments, televisions, and semiconductors (Hashim and Chu 2004;Hu et al 1996). Cd can bind to sulfated groups, as well as metalloproteins and metalloenzymes, thereby neutralizing their functions .…”

“…Heavy metals, such as lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel, are among the most common pollutants found in both industrial and urban effluents (Sheng et al 2004). In low concentrations, some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn) are essential trace elements for photosynthetic organisms; however, in higher concentrations, these metals cause severe toxic effects (Hu et al 1996). Heavy metals affect all biological organisms, especially those in the aquatic ecosystem, in many important ways.…”

Removal of cadmium ions by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin accumulation and long-term kinetics of uptake

“…First, there is a rapid energy-independent phase inwhich cadmium is adsorbed onto the surface of the algal cells (biosorption), then cadmium is taken up into the cells (bioaccumulation). Bioaccumulation is a process which can be energy-dependent (active transport) or not (passive transport), but in a large number of species of algae and fungi, uptake of cadmium has been reported to be more significantly energy dependent (Hu et al, 1996;Ingvar and Myklestad, 1980;Kwan and Smith, 1991).…”

Effects of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosynthetic Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Structure of Chloroplasts in the Agarophyte <i>Gracilaria domingensis</i> (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales)

“…Heavy metals, such as lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel, are among the most common pollutants found in both industrial and urban effluents [3]. In low concentrations, some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Mn) are essential trace elements for photosynthetic organisms; however, in high concentrations, these metals cause severe toxic effects [4]. Heavy metals affect all biological organisms, especially those in the aquatic ecosystem, in many important ways.…”

“…This metal is utilized in the manufacture of various products, such as batteries, chipsets, pigments, televisions, and semiconductors [4,12]. Cd can attach to sulfated groups, as well as metalloproteins and metalloenzymes, thereby neutralizing their functions [13].…”