Cadmium Concentration in Grains of Durum Wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i> L. subsp. <i>durum</i>)

Vergine, Marzia; Aprile, Alessio; Sabella, Erika; Genga, A.; Siciliano, M.; Rampino, Patrizia; Lenucci, Marcello Salvatore; Luvisi, Andrea; Bellis, Luigi De

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01946

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…In particular, durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum ) could accumulate high level of Cd in grains and, among durum wheat cultivars (cvs), a great variability was reported [ 4 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAmong cereals, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum) accumulates cadmium (Cd) at higher concentration if grown in Cd-polluted soils. Since cadmium accumulation is a risk for human health, the international trade organizations have limited the acceptable concentration of Cd in edible crops. Therefore, durum wheat cultivars accumulating low cadmium in grains should be preferred by farmers and consumers. To identify the response of durum wheat to the presence of Cd, the transcriptomes of roots and shoots of Creso and Svevo cultivars were sequenced after a 50-day exposure to 0.5 μM Cd in hydroponic solution.ResultsNo phytotoxic effects or biomass reduction was observed in Creso and Svevo plants at this Cd concentration. Despite this null effect, cadmium was accumulated in root tissues, in shoots and in grains suggesting a good cadmium translocation rate among tissues. The mRNA sequencing revealed a general transcriptome rearrangement after Cd treatment and more than 7000 genes were found differentially expressed in root and shoot tissues. Among these, the up-regulated genes in roots showed a clear correlation with cadmium uptake and detoxification. In particular, about three hundred genes were commonly up-regulated in Creso and Svevo roots suggesting a well defined molecular strategy characterized by the transcriptomic activation of several transcription factors mainly belonging to bHLH and WRKY families. bHLHs are probably the activators of the strong up-regulation of three NAS genes, responsible for the synthesis of the phytosiderophore nicotianamine (NA). Moreover, we found the overall up-regulation of the methionine salvage pathway that is tightly connected with NA synthesis and supply the S-adenosyl methionine necessary for NA biosynthesis. Finally, several vacuolar NA chelating heavy metal transporters were vigorously activated.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the exposure of durum wheat to cadmium activates in roots a complex gene network involved in cadmium translocation and detoxification from heavy metals. These findings are confident with a role of nicotianamine and methionine salvage pathway in the accumulation of cadmium in durum wheat.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1473-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium

et al. 2018

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“…A hydroponic system could be a good replacement for a field experiment because (i) it can be done in a laboratory, where a large number of lines can be planted in limited space, making it more flexible and scalable than a field experiment; (ii) it needs fewer replications to remove the confounding effect of environment; and (iii) it does not need a high-Cd field site to make selections, though it still would need a small field contaminated with Cd to validate the hydroponic selection. Hydroponic systems have been widely used by scientists to study the uptake, translocation, and allocation of Cd in wheat (Chan and Hale, 2004;Van der Vliet et al, 2007;Wiebe et al, 2010;Harris and Taylor, 2013;Vergine et al, 2017).…”

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Selection of Bread Wheat for Low Grain Cadmium Concentration at the Seedling Stage Using Hydroponics versus Molecular Markers

Liu

Guttieri²,

Waters

et al. 2019

Crop Science

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The excessive accumulation of Cd in harvested crops grown on high‐Cd soils has increased public concerns for food safety. Due to the high consumption of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) per capita, high concentrations of Cd in wheat grain can significantly affect human health. Breeding is a promising way to reduce grain Cd concentration. However, a lack of efficient selection methods impedes breeding for low grain Cd concentration in bread wheat. In this study, a recombinant inbred population segregating for grain Cd concentration was used to assess the efficacy of two selection methods for decreasing grain Cd concentration in bread wheat: a hydroponic selection method used shoot Cd concentration in 2‐wk‐old seedlings growing in Cd‐containing medium, and a marker‐based selection method using markers linked to heavy metal transporting P1B‐ATPase 3 (HMA3), the gene underlying Cdu1. Both methods effectively selected low‐Cd lines. The HMA3‐linked marker‐based selection was superior to hydroponic selection in terms of both simplicity and response to selection. The HMA3‐linked markers explained 20% of the phenotypic variation in grain Cd concentration with an additive effect of 0.014 mg kg−1. The hydroponic selection and marker‐based selection may target two different and independent processes controlling grain Cd accumulation, and they had no effect on grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The ALMT1‐UPS4 marker associated with Al tolerance was not associated with grain Cd concentration but increased grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The 193‐bp allele of the Rht8‐associated marker, GWM261, was associated with increased grain Cd concentration.

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“…The potential of conventional breeding is still an attractive approach to change the Cd profile of wheat cultivars, if this is perceived as a priority. Molecular markers are powerful in the selection of wheat varieties with low Cd and other desired traits [114,115]. The manipulation of heterosis also presents new perspectives for improving wheat Cd potential and adaptation to Cd stresses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding Low-Cadmium Wheat: Progress and Perspectives

Zaid

Zheng

2018

Agronomy

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Farmland cadmium (Cd) contamination has adverse impacts on both wheat grain yield and people’s well-being through food consumption. Safe farming using low-Cd cultivars has been proposed as a promising approach to address the farmland Cd pollution problem. To date, several dozen low-Cd wheat cultivars have been screened worldwide based on a Cd inhibition test, representing candidates for wheat Cd minimization. Unfortunately, the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars with desired traits or enhanced Cd exclusion has not been extensively explored. Moreover, the wheat Cd inhibition test for variety screening and conventional breeding is expensive and time-consuming. As an alternative, low-Cd wheat cultivars that were developed with molecular genetics and breeding approaches can be promising, typically by the association of marker-assisted selection (MAS) with conventional breeding practices. In this review, we provide a synthetics view of the background and knowledge basis for the breeding of low-Cd wheat cultivars.

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Cadmium Concentration in Grains of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium

Activation of a gene network in durum wheat roots exposed to cadmium

Selection of Bread Wheat for Low Grain Cadmium Concentration at the Seedling Stage Using Hydroponics versus Molecular Markers

Breeding Low-Cadmium Wheat: Progress and Perspectives

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