Cadmium exposure induced itai-itai-like syndrome in male rats

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups which were given CdCl2 at the doses of 0 and 1.5 mg /kg for 12 weeks. Before sacrifice, microCT scanning were performed on the proximal tibia and urine were collected for cadmium and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase assay, then all of rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biomarkers measurement; bone tissues were collected for bone mass, histology and biomechanical analysis. The cadmium in blood, urine, bone and kidney of rats treated with cadmium was significantly higher than those in the control group. The bone mineral density, and bone mineral ability of rats treated with cadmium were obviously decreased by 20%–50% compared to controls. Bone microstructure index and trabecular separation of rats treated with cadmium were obviously lower (−50%) and significantly higher (+150%) than that in the control group. Bone biomechanical property decreased by 30%–60% in cadmium treated rats compared to control. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and alkaline phosphatase levels of rats treated with cadmium were significantly higher than those in control, but serum osteocalcin level decreased greatly by cadmium. Obvious proximal tubule damage occurred after cadmium exposure. These observations gave clear and comprehensive evidence that cadmium exposure could induce itai-itai-like syndrome in male rats.</jats:p>

The Effect of Selenium and Lycopene on Oxidative Stress in Bone Tissue in Rats Exposed to Cadmium

“…This indicates a disruption in the growth of the Cd-exposed rats. These results are consistent with the findings of Chen et al [19], which indicated a decrease in the body weight of Sprague Dawley rats that were subcutaneously injected with a dosage of 5 mg/kg of Cd. This study also confirms the findings of Yousef et al which demonstrated a significant reduction in the body weight of laboratory rabbits that were administered a dosage of 5 mg/kg of oral Cd for one month [35].…”

“…rats increased slightly (9%) but the body weight of the other two control treated rats increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) at the end of the experimental period. Chen et al [19] indicated a decrease in the body weight of male Sprague Dawley rats treated with cadmium at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Rabbits treated with oral dose of 5 mg cadmium/kg b.w.…”

Therapeutic potential of Opuntia ficus indica extract against cadmium-induced osteoporosis and DNA bone damage in male rats

“…[21] or by malabsorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract f Cd-treated rats as reported by [40]. Similar results were observed by Chen et al [41] which indicated a decrease in the body weight of Sprague Dawley rats that were subcutaneously injected with a dosage of 5 mg/kg of Cd. Other finding also demonstrated a significant decrease in the body weight of rabbits that were administered a dosage of 5 mg/kg of oral Cd for one month [42] [43].…”

Cadmium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Tissue Injury

“…Previously, Cd-induced bone damage was thought to be mediated through renal dysfunction such that primary damage is done to the kidneys and damage to the bones is a secondary effect [87]. However, in this study, the authors suggest that Cd intoxication can have a direct impact on the bone such that renal dysfunction and altered bone formation and reabsorption is caused simultaneously in relation to the dose of Cd exposure [86]. Another study showed histopathological alteration in bone marrow of albino Wistar rats treated with 15 mg Cd/kg b.w.…”

“…A study by Chen et al reported severe damages to the proximal tibia of male Sprague Dawley rats treated with 1.5 mg Cd/kg b.w. for 12 weeks inducing Itai-itai-like syndrome [86]. Authors reported a 20% -50% decrease in bone mineral density along with 30% -60% decrease in bone biomechanical property.…”