Cadmium (II) removal from aqueous solution using magnetic spent coffee ground biochar: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic adsorption

Abstract

Spent coffee grounds are a waste generated in large amounts by the food industry producing instant coffee. While it is used as animal feed, mostly spent coffee grounds are burned. In this study, The spent coffee grounds were modified to be magnetic in order to remove cadmium (II) ion. The magnetic solids are easy to separate from water with a magnet. The biochar was prepared at 400 °C. Several factors that affect the adsorption were studied, such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and effect of solution pH. At the optimum conditions (the adsorbent dosage 0.1 g l−1, pH 7, time 30 min and the initial concentration 40 mg l−1), the percentage removal of Cd(II) was ∼96%. The surface morphology of the adsorbent showed iron particles with a cubical shape on the adsorbent, with 3–20 μm average diameter. The adsorption data was well fit by a pseudo-second order and a Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum adsorption capacity 10.42 mg/g. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The main goal of the study is to re-use the spent coffee grounds waste and use low-cost adsorbent for cadmium (II) removal in aqueous solution. The magnetic biochar was easily manipulated by external magnetic fields after treatment. With good adsorbent performance of the magnetic biochar, spent coffee grounds could be used to treat Cd(II) contamination.

One-pot fabrication of magnetic biochar by FeCl3-activation of lotus seedpod and its catalytic activity towards degradation of Orange G

“…Adsorption is probably the most well-known use of BC, and as a result, the majority of MBC research in the literature is devoted to adsorption processes, notably aqueous-phase adsorption processes [7,[18][19][20]. This is owing to the aforementioned characteristics of MBC: well-developed porous texture, surface acidity, and superparamagnetic nature [15].…”

Chemical Modification of Teff Straw Biomass for Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solution: Characterization, Optimization, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Aspects

“…The 21 Adsorption Science & Technology main reason for the adverse effect of temperature on percentage adsorption has been that a higher temperature destroys the binding sites on the biosorbent. Thus, increasing temperature favors adverse effects for the adsorption of aqueous chromium ions [35,39].…”

Coffee Spent Ground-Based Biochar’s Properties and Application: A Systematic Review

“…Drying Temperature of Pyrolysis Process ( 0 C) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 Hussain et al, 2020 [8] Kim et al, 2014 [9] Lee et al, 2021 [10] Lykoudi et al, 2020 [11] Nguyen et al, 2019 [12] Samosir dkk, 2019 [13] Shin et al, 2020 [14] Shin et al, 2020 [7] Shin et al, 2021 [15] Zhang et al, 2020 [16] Total Frequency 3 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 3 1…”

“…The graph of the Efficiency Level of Adsorption of Chemical Compounds with Biochar and Biochar Modification can be seen in Figure 3, and table level of Efficiency of the Adsorption of Chemical Compounds with Biochar and Biochar Modification Based on Literatures is listed in Table 3. [8] 62 97 Kim et al, 2014 [9] 94,25 Lee et al, 2021 [10] 5,5 81,9 Lykoudi et al, 2020 [11] 45 55 Nguyen et al, 2019 [12] 90 Samosir dkk, 2019 [13] 95 Shin et al, 2020 [14] 43,2 Shin et al, 2020 [7] 18,5 95 Shin et al, 2021 [15] 10,3 95,2 Zhang et al, 2020 [16] 76 Based on Figure 3, Biochar Modification has a better adsorption rate compared to Biochar without modification. The highest adsorption rate was 97% in Modified Biochar (MBC) with chemical compounds adsorbed, specifically Cadmium (II), while the lowest adsorption (5,5%) was with Biochar without modification for the adsorption of Herbicide.…”