Cadmium Purification and Quantification Using Immunochromatography

Abstract

One of the pathways by which cadmium enters human beings is through the consumption of agricultural products. The monitoring of cadmium has a significant role in the management of cadmium intake. Cadmium purification and quantification using immunochromatography were conducted in this study as an alternative means of cadmium analysis. The samples used in this study were rice, tomato, lettuce, garden pea, Arabidopsis thaliana (a widely used model organism for studying plants), soil, and fertilizer. The cadmium immunochromatography has been produced from the monoclonal antibody Nx2C3, which recognize the chelate form of cadmium, Cd.EDTA. The immunochromatography can be used for quantification of cadmium in a range from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/L at 20% mean coefficient of variance. A chelate column employing quaternary ammonium salts was used for the purification of cadmium from HCl extracts of samples. Recoveries of cadmium were near 100%, and the lowest recovery was 76.6% from rice leaves. The estimated cadmium concentrations from the immunochromatography procedure were evaluated by comparison with the results of instrumental analysis (ICP-AES or ICP-MS). By comparison of HCl extracts analyzed by ICP-MS and column eluates analyzed by immunochromatography of the samples, the estimated cadmium concentrations were closely similar, and their recoveries were from 98 to 116%.

Screening and confirmatory methods for the detection of heavy metals in foods

“…An interesting example was reported by Sasaki et al . 42 who developed an immunochromatography system for cadmium analysis using anti-Cd-EDTA antibody, highly specifi c to Cd-EDTA. This allowed cadmium detection at a range 0.01 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L with a 20% mean coeffi cient of variance.…”

“…Thus, even if the screening analytical system allows for on-site measurement, in the case of a complex matrix, sample treatment restricts measurement to a laboratory although using miniaturised and cost-effective instrumentation. 42 7.00E-06 Direct competitive and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays for Cd 2 + detection in farm produce, apple juice, rice fl our, wheat fl our, tea and spinach samples have been reported. 43 , 44 In the case of direct competitive ELISA, an LOD of 0.20 μ g/L was obtained with recovery values in farm produce ranging from 100.47% to 103.86%, 43 while in the case of indirect competitive ELISA an LOD equal to 1.95 μ g/L was found with a recovery value 44 in apple juice, rice fl our, wheat fl our, tea and spinach samples ranging between 97.67% and 107.08%.…”

Surface plasmon resonance based competitive immunoassay for Cd2+

“…14,15 Besides, the immunological detection method based on antigen-antibody has provided a new strategy for the detection of cadmium pollution, and there have been many reports about the immunoassay of cadmium. [16][17][18] The members of our research group have also established many methods for detecting metal ions. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Herein, we report a specic and sensitive competitive immunoassay combined SPR for the detection of cadmium (Cd 2+ ) in aqueous solution for the rst time.…”

“…At present, all antibodies specic for cadmium recognize a chelated form of Cd 2+ , that is, Cd-EDTA. [25][26][27][28][29] In our previous study, cadmium ion was respectively coupled to carrier protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA; ovalbumin, OVA) via a phenyl isothiocyanate-EDTA (ITCBE) to form the immunogen (Cd-ITCBE-BSA) and coating antigen (Cd-ITCBE-OVA). Using the hybridoma technique we successfully produced monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Cd 2+ , which were then characterized by an indirect competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).…”

Immunochromatography for the rapid determination of cadmium concentrations in wheat grain and eggplant

“…The pretreated solution was then diluted with buffer for neutralization and tested with the immunochromatographic assay 6. We have already used this kit to determine Cd concentrations in various brown rice samples with respect of an international standard: 0.4 mg kg −1 9–11, 12. The kit also has been useful for determining Cd concentrations in rice foliage, soil and other crops 12, 13.…”