Caffeine and stress alter salivary α‐amylase activity in young men

Klein, Laura Cousino; Bennett, Jeanette M.; Whetzel, Courtney A.; Granger, Douglas A.; Ritter, Frank E.

doi:10.1002/hup.1126

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Salivary α-amylase production is synchronous with the production of plasma catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, and therefore provides a non-invasive, biological marker of physiological stress [2718178]. Participants provided one saliva sample on-site each time they arrived, for a baseline measure, and a second sample immediately after the swim trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Anderson¹,

Murray²,

Herlihy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Circadian Rhythms

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Although individual athletic performance generally tends to peak in the evening, individuals who exhibit a strong diurnal preference perform better closer to their circadian peak. Time-of-day performance effects are influenced by circadian phenotype (diurnal preference and chronotype—sleep-wake patterns), homeostatic energy reserves and, potentially, genotype, yet little is known about how these factors influence physiological effort. Here, we investigate the effects of time of day, diurnal preference, chronotype, and PER3 (a circadian clock gene) genotype on both effort and performance in a population of Division I collegiate swimmers (n = 27). Participants competed in 200m time trials at 7:00 and 19:00 and were sampled pre- and post-trial for salivary α-amylase levels (as a measure of physiological effort), allowing for per-individual measures of performance and physiological effort. Hair samples were collected for genotype analysis (a variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PER3). Our results indicate significant and parallel time-of-day by circadian phenotype effects on swim performance and effort; evening-type swimmers swam on average 6% slower with 50% greater α-amylase levels in the morning than they did in the evening, and morning types required 5–7 times more effort in the evening trial to achieve the same performance result as the morning trial. In addition, our results suggest that these performance effects may be influenced by gene (circadian clock gene PER3 variants) by environment (time of day) interactions. Participants homozygous for the PER34,4 length variant (rs57875989) or who possess a single G-allele at PER3 SNP rs228697 swam 3–6% slower in the morning. Overall, these results suggest that intra-individual variation in athletic performance and effort with time of day is associated with circadian phenotype and PER3 genotype.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Anderson¹,

Murray²,

Herlihy³

et al. 2018

Journal of Circadian Rhythms

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“…The intra- and intervariations for this assay are less than 7.5% and 6%, respectively. sAA has been found to increase following stressors in adolescents (Gordis, Granger, Susman, & Trickett, 2006) and correlates with measures of SNS activity, including plasma norepinephrine, BP, and HR (e.g., Chatterton, Vogelsong, Lu, Ellman, & Hudgens, 1996; Klein, Bennett, Whetzel, Granger, & Ritter, 2010). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use

et al. 2014

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Prenatal cocaine exposure may affect developing stress response systems in youth, potentially creating risk for substance use in adolescence. Further, pathways from prenatal risk to future substance use may differ for girls versus boys. The present longitudinal study examined multiple biobehavioral measures, including heart rate, blood pressure, emotion, and salivary cortisol and salivary alpha amylase (sAA), in response to a stressor in 193 low-income 14- to 17-year-olds, half of whom were prenatally cocaine exposed (PCE). Youth’s lifetime substance use was assessed with self-report, interview, and urine toxicology/breathalyzer at Time 1 and at Time 2 (6–12 months later). PCExGender interactions were found predicting anxiety, anger, and sadness responses to the stressor, with PCE girls showing heightened responses as compared to PCE boys on these indicators. Stress Response × Gender interactions were found predicting Time 2 substance use in youth (controlling for Time 1 use) for sAA and sadness; for girls, heightened sadness responses predicted substance use, but for boys, dampened sAA responses predicted substance use. Findings suggest distinct biobehavioral stress response risk profiles for boys and girls, with heightened arousal for girls and blunted arousal for boys associated with prenatal risk and future substance use outcomes.

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“…This report is a follow up experiment to our recently published data on the effects of stress and caffeine on salivary alpha amylase (sAA) in healthy young men [1]. The health effects of caffeine and/or coffee consumption continue to be debated (e.g., [2,3]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine administration does not alter salivary α-amylase activity in young male daily caffeine consumers

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTo follow up on a recent report from our lab [Hum Psychopharmacol 25:359–367, 2010.] we examined the effects of caffeine on salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity in response to an engaging, non-stressful task in healthy young males (age 18–30 yrs) who consumed caffeine on a daily basis. Using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, between-subjects design, 45 men received either placebo, 200 mg or 400 mg of caffeine (Vivarin®). Participants then rested for 20 minutes, and performed a 20-minute computerized air traffic controller-like task that was cognitively engaging but not stressful. Saliva samples (assayed for sAA and cortisol), blood pressure, and heart rate were taken before (baseline) and 15 minutes after the computerized task.ResultsSystolic and diastolic blood pressure and sAA activity increased across the laboratory session (F’s > 9.20, p’s < 0.05); salivary cortisol levels decreased (F = 16.17, p < 0.05). There were no main effects for caffeine administration on sAA, salivary cortisol, or cardiovascular measures, and caffeine did not interact with the task to alter these measures.ConclusionsLaboratory administered caffeine does not alter sAA activity, even when sAA activity is stimulated by participating in a cognitively engaging task. These data demonstrate that caffeine administration does not affect sAA activity, at least in healthy young men who regularly consume caffeine. Results support recent findings that basal caffeine levels in habitual caffeine users are not associated with basal sAA activity and that daily caffeine intake and diurnal sAA activity are not related.

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Caffeine and stress alter salivary α‐amylase activity in young men

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Circadian Effects on Performance and Effort in Collegiate Swimmers

Prenatal cocaine exposure differentially affects stress responses in girls and boys: Associations with future substance use

Caffeine administration does not alter salivary α-amylase activity in young male daily caffeine consumers

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